BOUVINES  , a See also:

• VILLAGE

village on the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French-Belgian frontier between See also:

• LILLE

Lille and Tournay, the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of one of the greatest battles of the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages, fought on the 27th of See also:

• JULY

July 1214, between the forces of See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus, See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, and those of the See also:

• COALITION (Lat. coalitio, the verbal substantive of coalescere, to grow together)

coalition formed against him, of which the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal members were the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor and King See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England . The See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan of See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign seems to have been designed by King John, who was the soul of the See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance.; his See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea was to draw the French king to the southward against himself, while the emperor See also:

• OTTO

Otto IV., the princes of the See also:

• NETHERLANDS

Netherlands and the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of the See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies should at the right moment See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

march upon See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris from the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north . John's See also:

• PART

part in the. general See also:

• STRATEGY

strategy was perfectly executed; the allies in the north moved slowly . While John, after two inroads, turned back to his See also:

• GUIENNE

Guienne possessions on the 3rd of July, it was not until three See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks later that the emperor concentrated his forces at See also:

• VALENCIENNES

Valenciennes, and in the See also:

• INTERVAL

interval Philip Augustus had See also:

• COUNTER

counter-marched northward and concentrated an army at Peronne . Philip now took the offensive himself, and in manceuvring to get a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• CAVALRY (Fr. cavalerie, Ger. Kavallerie or Reiterei, derived ultimately from late Lat. caballus, horse)

cavalry ground upon which to fight he offered See also:

• BATTLE

battle (July 27), on the See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of Bouvines and the See also:

• RIVER

river Marque—the same plain on which in 1794 the brilliant cavalry See also:

• ACTION

action of See also:

• WILLEMS, FLORENT JOSEPH MARIE (1823–1905)
• WILLEMS, JEAN FRANCOIS (1793-'t846)

Willems was fought . The imperial army accepted the See also:

• CHALLENGE (O. Fr. chalonge, calenge, &c., from Lat. calumnia, originally meaning trickery, from calvi, to deceive, hence a false accusation, a " calumny ")

challenge and See also:

• DREW
• DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

drew up facing See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-westward towards Bouvines, the heavy cavalry on the wings, the See also:

• INFANTRY

infantry in one See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass in the centre, supported by the cavalry See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps under the emperor himself . The See also:

• TOTAL

total force is estimated at 6500 heavy cavalry and 40,000 See also:

• FOOT

foot . The French army (about 7000 cavalry and 30,000 infantry) took ground exactly opposite to the enemy and in a similar formation, cavalry on the wings, infantry, including the milice See also:

• DES

des communes, in the centre, Philip with the cavalry reserve and the Oriflamme in See also:

• REAR

rear of the foot . The battle opened with a confused cavalry fight on the French right, in which individual feats of knightly gallantry were more noticeable than any See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt at combined action . The fighting was more serious between the two .centres; the infantry of the See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

Low Countries, who were at this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time almost the best in existence, drove in the French; Philip led the cavalry reserve of nobles and knights to retrieve the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, and after a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long and doubtful fight, in which he himself was unhorsed and narrowly escaped See also:

• DEATH

death, began to drive back the Flemings . In the meanwhile the French feudatories on the See also:

• LEFT

left wing had thoroughly defeated the imperialists opposed to them, and See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William Longsword, See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• SALISBURY
• SALISBURY, EARLS OF
• SALISBURY, ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNECECIL, 3RD MARQUESS OF (1830-1903)
• SALISBURY, ROBERT CECIL, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1565-1612)
• SALISBURY, THOMAS DE MONTACUTE, 4TH EARL OF (1388-1428)
• SALISBURY, WILLIAM LONGSWORD (or LONGESPEE), EARL OF (d. 1226)

Salisbury, the See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of this corps, was unhorsed and taken prisoner by the warlike See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• BEAUVAIS

Beauvais . Victory declared itself also on the other wing, where the French at last routed the Flemish cavalry and captured See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand of See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders, one of the leaders of the coalition .

In the centre the battle was now between the two mounted reserves led respectively by the king and the emperor in See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person . Here too the imperial forces suffered defeat, Otto himself being saved only by the devotion of a handful of Saxon knights . The day was already decided in favour of the French when their wings began to See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close inwards to cut off the See also:

• RETREAT (O. Fr. retrete, mod. retraite, from Lat. retrahere, to draw back)

retreat of the imperial centre . The battle closed with the celebrated stand of Reginald of See also:

• BOULOGNE, or BOULLONGNE

Boulogne, a revolted See also:

• VASSAL (Fr. vassal, vassaut, vassault, &c,)

vassal of King Philip, who formed a See also:

• RING (O.E. hring; a word common to Teutonic languages; and probably cognate with the Lat. circus, Gr. KtpKOS or KpLKOS, Skt'. chakra, wheel, circle, cf. also " harangue "); in art, a band of circular shape of varying sizes, made of any material and used f

ring of seven See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred Brabancon pikemen, and not only defied every attack of the French cavalry, but himself made repeated charges or sorties with his small force of knights . Eventually, and long after the imperial army had begun its retreat, the gallant schiltron was ridden down and annihilated by a See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of three thousand men-at-arms . Reginald was taken prisoner in the melee; and the prisoners also included two other See also:

• COUNTS

counts, Ferdinand and William Longsword, twenty-five barons and over a hundred knights . The killed amounted to about 170 knights of the defeated party, and many thousands of foot on either See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, of whom no accuiate See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account can be given . See See also:

• OMAN

Oman, See also:

• HISTORY

History of the See also:

• ART

Art of See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War, vii. pp . 457-48o; also Kohler, Kriegsgeschichte, 6'c., i . 14o, and Delpech, Tactique au XIII° siecle, 127 .