See also:

• SIR

SIR See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN See also:

• SIR JOHN BOWRING (1792-1872)

BOWRING (1792-1872)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English linguist, See also:

• POLITICAL

political economist and See also:

• MISCELLANEOUS

miscellaneous writer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• EXETER
• EXETER, EARL, MARQUESS AND DUKE OF

Exeter, on the 17th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1792, of an old Puritan See also:

• FAMILY

family . In See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• LIFE

life he came under the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of See also:

• JEREMY, EPISTLE OF

Jeremy See also:

• BENTHAM, GEORGE (1800-1884)
• BENTHAM, JEREMY (1748-1832)

Bentham . He did not, however, See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share his See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master's contempt for belles-lettres, but was a diligent student of literature and See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages, especially those of eastern See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . As a linguist he ranked with See also:

• MEZZOFANTI, GIUSEPPE CASPAR (1774-1849)

Mezzofanti and von See also:

• GABELENTZ, HANS CONON VON DER (1807-1874)

Gabelentz among the greatest of the See also:

• WORLD

world . The first-fruits of his study of foreign literature appeared in Specimens of the See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian Poets (1821-1823) . These were speedily followed by Batavian See also:

• ANTHOLOGY

Anthology (1824), See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

Ancient See also:

• POETRY

Poetry and Romances of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain (1824), Specimens of the See also:

• POLISH

Polish Poets, and Servian Popular Poetry, both in 1827 . During this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period he began to contribute to the newly founded See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review, of which he was appointed editor in 1825 . By his contributions to the Review he obtained considerable reputation as political economist and See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary reformer . He advocated in its pages the cause of See also:

• FREE

free See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long before it was popularized by See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard See also:

• COBDEN, RICHARD (1804-1865)

Cobden and See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• BRIGHT, JOHN (1811-188g)
• BRIGHT, SIR CHARLES TILSTON

Bright . He pleaded earnestly in behalf of parliamentary reform, See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic emancipation and popular See also:

• EDUCATION

education . In 1828 he visited See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland, where the university of See also:

• GRONINGEN

Groningen conferred on him the degree of See also:

• DOCTOR (Lat. for " teacher ")

doctor of See also:

• LAWS

laws . In the following See also:

• YEAR

year he was in See also:

• DENMARK
• DENMARK (Danmark)

Denmark, preparing for the publication of a collection of Scandinavian poetry .

See also:

• BOWRING, SIR JOHN (1792-1872)

Bowring, who had been the trusted friend of Bentham 'during his life, was appointed his See also:

• LITERARY

literary executor, and was charged with the task of preparing a collected edition of his See also:

• WORKS

works . This appeared in eleven volumes in 1843 . Meanwhile Bowring had entered See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament in 1835 as member for See also:

• KILMARNOCK

Kilmarnock; and in the following year he was appointed See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of a See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission to be sent to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France to inquire into the actual See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce between the two countries . He was engaged in similar investigations in See also:

• SWITZERLAND

Switzerland, See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, See also:

• SYRIA

Syria and some of the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German states . The results of these See also:

• MISSIONS (Lat. missio, a sending)

missions appeared in a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of reports laid before the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of See also:

• COMMONS

Commons . After a retirement of four years he sat in parliament from 1841 till 1849 as member for See also:

• BOLTON (BOLTON-LE-MOORS)
• BOLTON (or BOULTON), EDMUND (1S75?-1633?)
• BOLTON, DUKES OF

Bolton . During this busy period he found leisure for literature, and published in 1843 a See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of the See also:

• MANUSCRIPT

Manuscript of the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen's See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

Court, a collection of old Bohemian lyrics, &c . In 1849 he was appointed See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• CONSUL
• CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)

consul at See also:

• CANTON
• CANTON (borrowed from the Ital. cantone, a corner or angle)
• CANTON (more correctly KWANG-CHOW Fu)
• CANTON, JOHN (1718-1772)

Canton, and See also:

• SUPERINTENDENT

superintendent of trade in See also:

• CHINA

China, a See also:

• POST

post which he held for four years . After his return he distinguished himself as an See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate of the decimal See also:

• SYSTEM

system, and published a See also:

• WORK

work entitled The Decimal System in See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

Numbers, Coins and Accounts (1854) . The introduction of the florin as a preparatory step was chiefly due to his efforts . Knighted in 1854, he was again sent the same year to Hong-See also:

• KONG

Kong as See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor, invested with the supreme, military and See also:

• NAVAL

naval See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power . It was during his governorship that a dispute See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out with the See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese; and the irritation caused by his " spirited " or high-handed policy led to the second See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war with China .

In 1855 he visited See also:

• SIAM (known to its inhabitants as Muang Thai)

Siam, and negotiated with the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king a treaty of commerce . After the usual five years of service he retired and received a See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension . His last employment by the English government was as a See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner to Italy in 1861, to See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report on British commercial relations with the new See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom . See also:

• SIR

Sir John Bowring subsequently accepted the See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment of See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister plenipotentiary and See also:

• ENVOY (Fr. envoye, " sent ")

envoy extra-See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary from the Hawaiian government to the courts of Europe, and in this capacity negotiated See also:

• TREATIES

treaties with See also:

• BELGIUM
• BELGIUM (Fr. Belgique; Flem. Belgic)

Belgium, Holland, Italy, Spain and Switzerland . In addition to the works already named he published—Poetry of the See also:

• MAGYARS

Magyars (1830); Cheskian Anthology (1832); The Kingdom and See also:

• PEOPLE

People of Siam (1857); a translation of See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter Schlemihl (1824); See also:

• TRANSLATIONS

translations from the Hungarian poet, See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander See also:

• PETOFI, ALEXANDER (1823—1849)

Petofi (1866) ; and various See also:

• PAMPHLETS

pamphlets . He was elected F.R.S. and F.R.G.S., and received the decorations of several foreign orders of See also:

• KNIGHTHOOD

knighthood . He died at See also:

• CLAREMONT

Claremont, near Exeter, on the 23rd of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1872 . His valuable collection of See also:

• COLEOPTERA

coleoptera was presented to the British Museum by his second son, Lewin Bowring, a well-known Anglo-See also:

• INDIAN

Indian See also:

• ADMINISTRATOR

administrator; and his third son, E . A . Bowring, member ofparliament for Exeter from 1868 to 1874, became known in the literary world as an able translator . Sir John Bowring's Recollections were edited by Lewin Bowring (d . 1910) in 1877 .