See also:

• BOX
• BOX (Gr. irl or, Lat. buxus, box-wood; cf. 2r6Eir, a pyx)

BOX (Gr. irl or, See also:

• LAT

Lat. buxus, box-See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood; cf. 2r6Eir, a See also:

• PYX (Gr. iruVir, a box or chest)

pyx)  , the most varied of all receptacles . A See also:

• BOX
• BOX (Gr. irl or, Lat. buxus, box-wood; cf. 2r6Eir, a pyx)

box may be square, oblong, See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round or See also:

• OVAL (Lat. ovum, egg)

oval, or of an even less normal shape; it usually opens by raising, sliding or removing the lid, which may be fastened by a catch, hasp or See also:

• LOCK (from the O. Eng. loc.; the word appears, in different forms, in many Teutonic languages, but with such various meanings as " hole," Ger. Loch, " lid," Swed. lock, &c.; probably the original was a root meaning " to enclose ")
• LOCK, MATTHIAS

lock . Whatever its shape or purpose or the material of which it is fashioned, it is the See also:

• DIRECT

direct descendant of the See also:

• CHEST (Gr. Kiarl, Lat. cista, O. Eng. cist, test, &c.)

chest, one of the most See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient articles of domestic See also:

• FURNITURE (from " furnish," Fr. fournir)

furniture . Its uses are See also:

• INFINITE (from Lat. in, not, finis, end or limit; cf. findere, to deave)

infinite, and the name, preceded by a qualifying See also:

• ADJECTIVE (from the Lat. adjectives, added)

adjective, has been given to many See also:

• OBJECTS

objects of See also:

• ARTISTIC

artistic or antiquarian See also:

• INTEREST

interest . Of the boxes which possess some attraction beyond their immediate purpose the feminine See also:

• WORK

work-box is the commonest . It is usually fitted with a See also:

• TRAY

tray divided into many small compartments, for needles, reels of See also:

• SILK

silk and See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton and other necessaries of stitchery . The date of its introduction is in considerable doubt, but 17th-See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century examples have come down to us, with covers of silk, stitched with beads and adorned with See also:

• EMBROIDERY (M.E. embrouderie, from O. Fr. embroder, Mod. Fr. broder)

embroidery . In the 18th century no See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady was without her work-box, and, especially in the second See also:

• HALF

half of that See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, much See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste and elaborate pains were expended upon the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case, which was often exceedingly dainty and elegant . These boxes are ordinarily portable, but sometimes See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top of a table . But it is as a receptacle for See also:

• SNUFF (from " to snuff, " i.e. to inhale, to draw in through the nose; cf. Dutch snuf, scent, Ger. Schnupfen, a cold, catarrh, and Eng. " snuffle, " " sniff, " &c.)

snuff that the box hac taken its most distinguished and artistic form . The snuff-box, which is now little more than a charming relic of a disagreeable practice, was throughout the larger See also:

• PART

part of the 18th century the indispensable See also:

• COMPANION (through the O. Fr. compaignon or compagnon, from the Late Lat. companio,—cum, with, and panis, bread,—one who shares meals with another; the word has been wrongly derived from the Late Lat. compagnus, one of the same pages or district)

companion of every See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth and breeding . It See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long survived his See also:

• SWORD (0. Eng. sweord; ultimately from an Indo-European root meaning to wound)

sword, and was in frequent use until nearly the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 19th century .

The jeweller, the enameller and the artist bestowed infinite pains upon what was quite as often a delicate bijou as a piece of utility; fops and See also:

• GREAT

great personages possessed See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers of snuff-boxes, See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich and more See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary, their selection being regulated by their See also:

• DRESS (from the Fr. dresser, to set out, arrange, formed from Lat. directus, arranged, dirigere, to direct, arrange)

dress and by the relative splendour of the occasion . From the cheapest See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood that was suitable—at one See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time See also:

• POTATO
• POTATO (Solanum tuberosum)

potato-pulp was extensively used—to a See also:

• FRAME

frame of See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold encased with diamonds, a great variety of materials was employed . See also:

• TORTOISE

Tortoise-See also:

• SHELL
• SHELL (O. Eng. scell, scyll, cf. Du. sceel, shell, Goth. skalja, tile; the word means originally a thin flake,. cf. Swed. skalja, to peel off; it is allied to " scale " and " skill," from a root meaning to cleave, divide, separate)

shell was a favourite, and owing to its limpid lustre it was exceedingly effective . See also:

• MOTHER

Mother-of-See also:

• PEARL
• PEARL, THE

pearl was also used, together with See also:

• SILVER

silver, in its natural See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state or gilded . Costly gold boxes were often enriched with enamels or set with diamonds or other See also:

• PRECIOUS (O. Fr. precios, mod. precieux, Lat. pretiosus, of high value or price, pretium)

precious stones, and some-times the lid was adorned with a portrait, a classical See also:

• VIGNETTE (Fr. for " little vine ")

vignette, or a tiny See also:

• MINIATURE

miniature, often some choice work by an old See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master . After snuff-taking had ceased to be See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general it lingered for some time among diplomatists, either because—as Talleyrand explained—they found a ceremonious pinch to be a useful aid to reflection in a business interview, or because monarchs retained the See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit of bestowing snuff-boxes upon ambassadors and other intermediaries, who could not well be honoured in any other way . It is, indeed, to the cessation of the habit of snuff-taking that we may trace much of See also:

• MODERN

modern lavishness in the See also:

• DISTRIBUTION (Lat. distribuere, to deal out)

distribution of decorations . To be invited to take a pinch from a monarch's snuff-box was a distinction almost See also:

• EQUIVALENT

equivalent to having one's See also:

• EAR (common Teut.; O.E. are, Ger. Ohr, Du. oor, akin to Lat. auris, Gr. ovs)

ear pulled by See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon . At the See also:

• CORONATION (Lat. corona, crown)

coronation of See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George IV. of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, Messrs Rundell & See also:

• BRIDGE

Bridge, the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court jewellers, were paid £8205 for snuff-boxes for See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign ministers . Now that the snuff-box is no longer used it is collected by wealthy amateurs or de-posited in museums, and especially artistic examples command large sums . George, See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge (1819-1904), possessed an important collection; a See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XV. gold box was sold by See also:

• AUCTION

auction after his See also:

• DEATH

death for £2000 . A See also:

• JEWEL, JOHN (1522-1571)

jewel-box is a receptacle for trinkets .

It may take a very modest form, covered in See also:

• LEATHER (a word which appears in all Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Leder, Dutch leer or leder, Swed. leder, and in such Celtic forms as Welsh llader)
• LEATHER, ARTIFICIAL

leather and lined with satin, or it may reach the monumental proportions of the jewel cabinets which were made for See also:

• MARIE

Marie Antoinette, one of which is at See also:

• WINDSOR
• WINDSOR (properly NEw WINDSOR)

Windsor, and another at See also:

• VERSAILLES

Versailles, the work of Schwerdfeger as See also:

• CABINET

cabinet-maker, Degault as miniature-painter, and Thomire as chaser . A strong-box is a receptacle for See also:

• MONEY

money, deeds and securities . Its See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place has been taken in modern See also:

• LIFE

life by the safe . Some of those which have survived, such as that of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• BODLEY, GEORGE FREDERICK (1827-1907)
• BODLEY, SIR THOMAS (1545-1613)

Bodley in the Bodleian library, possess locks with an extremely elaborate mechanism contrived in the under-See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the lid . The See also:

• KNIFE (0. E. cuff, a word appearing in different forms in many Teutonic languages, cf. Du. knijf, Ger. Kneif, a shoe-maker's knife, Swed. knif; the ultimate origin is unknown; Skeat finds the origin in the root of " nip," formerly " knip "; Fr. canif is a

knife-box is one of the most charming of the See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor pieces of furniture which we owe to the artistic taste and See also:

• MECHANICAL

mechanical ingenuity of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English cabinet-makers of the last See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter of the 18th century . Some of the most elegant were the work of See also:

• ADAM
• ADAM (or ADAN) DE LE HALE (died c. 1288)
• ADAM, ALEXANDER (1741–1809)
• ADAM, JULIETTE (1836– )
• ADAM, LAMBERT SIGISBERT (1700-1759)
• ADAM, MELCHIOR (d. 1622)
• ADAM, PAUL (1862– )
• ADAM, ROBERT (1728—1792)
• ADAM, SIR FREDERICK (1781-1853)
• ADAM, WILLIAM (1751-1839)

Adam, See also:

• HEPPLEWHITE, GEORGE (d. 1786)

Hepplewhite and See also:

• SHERATON, THOMAS (c. 1751-1806)

Sheraton . Occasionally See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat-topped boxes, they were most frequently either See also:

• VASE
• VASE (through Fr. from Lat. vas, a vessel, pl. vasa, of which the singular vasum is rarely found; the ultimate root is probably was-, to cover, seen in Lat: vestis, clothing, Eng. " vest," Gr. to-th c, and also in " wear," of garments)

vase-shaped, or tall and narrow with a sloping lid necessitated by a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of raised stages for exhibiting the handles of knives and the See also:

• BOWLS

bowls of spoons . See also:

• MAHOGANY

Mahogany and satinwood were the See also:

• WOODS, LEONARD (1774-1854)
• WOODS, SIR ALBERT (1816-1904)

woods most frequently employed, and they were occasionally inlaid with marqueterie or edged with See also:

• BOXWOOD

boxwood . These graceful receptacles still exist in large numbers; they are often converted into See also:

• STATIONERY

stationery cabinets . The See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible-box, usually of the 17th century, but now and again more ancient, probably obtained its name from the fact that it was of a See also:

• SIZE

size to hold a large Bible . It often has a carved or incised lid . The See also:

• POWDER (through O. Fr. puldre, modern poudre, from Lat. pulvis, pulveris, dust)

powder-box and the patch-box were respectively receptacles for the powder and the patches of the 18th century; the former was the direct ancestor df the puff-box of the modern dressing-table .

The etui is a cylindrical box or case of very various materials, of ten of pleasing shape or adornment, for holding sewing materials or small articles of feminine use . It was worn on the See also:

• CHATELAINE (Fr. chdtelaine, the feminine form of chdtelain, a keeper of a castle)

chatelaine .