BOYACA  , or BoJAcA, an inland

department of Colombia, bounded by the departments of Santander and Cundinamarca on the N., W. and S., and the republic of Venezuela on the E., and having an area of 33,321 sq. m., including the Casanare territory . Pop . (1899, estimate) 508,940 . The department is very mountainous, heavily forested and rich in minerals . The famous Muso emerald mines are located in the western part of Boyaca . The capital, Tunja (pop . 1902, 10,000), is situated in the Eastern Cordilleras, 9054 ft. above sea-level, and has a cool, temperate climate, though only 54° N. of the equator . It was an important place in colonial times, and occupies the site of one of the Indian towns of this region (Hunsa), which had acquired a considerable degree of civilization before the discovery of America . Other towns of note in the department are Chiquinquira (20,000), Moniquira (18,000), Sogamoso (10,787), and Boyaca (7000), where on the 7th of August 1819 Bolivar defeated the Spanish army and secured the independence of New Granada .