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HENRY DE BRACTON (d. 1268)

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 369 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HENRY DE See also:BRACTON (d. 1268)  , See also:English See also:judge and writer on English See also:law . His real name was Bratton, and in all See also:probability he derived it either from Bratton See also:Fleming or from Bratton See also:Clovelly, both of them villages in See also:Devonshire . It is only after his See also:death that his name appears as " See also:Bracton." He seems to have entered the See also:king's service as a clerk under the patronage of See also:William See also:Raleigh, who after See also:long service as a royal See also:justice died See also:bishop of See also:Winchester in 1250 . Bracton begins to appear as a justice in 1245, and from 1248 until his death in 1268 he was steadily employed as a justice of See also:assize in the See also:south-western counties, especially See also:Somerset, See also:Devon and See also:Cornwall . During the earlier See also:part of this See also:period he was also sitting as a judge in the king's central See also:court, and was there See also:hearing those pleas which " followed the king "; in other words, he was a member of that See also:section of the central tribunal which was soon to be distinguished as the king's See also:bench . From this position he retired or was dismissed in or about the See also:year 1257, shortly before the See also:meeting of the Mad See also:Parliament at See also:Oxford in 1258 . Whether his disappearance is to be connected with the See also:political events of this turbulent See also:time is uncertain . He continued to take the assizes in the south-See also:west, and in 1267 he was a member of a See also:commission of prelates, barons and See also:judges appointed to hear the complaints of the disinherited partisans of See also:Simon de See also:Montfort . In 1259 he became See also:rector of See also:Combe-in-Teignhead, in 1261 rector of See also:Barnstaple, in 1264 See also:archdeacon of Barnstaple, and, having resigned the%archdeaconry, See also:chancellor of See also:Exeter See also:cathedral; he also held a prebend in the collegiate See also:church at Bosham . Already in 1245 he enjoyed a See also:dispensation enabling him to hold three ecclesiastical benefices . He died in 1268 and was buried in the See also:nave of Exeter cathedral, and a See also:chantry for his soul was endowed out of the revenues of the See also:manor of Thorverton . His fame is due to a See also:treatise on the See also:laws and customs of See also:England which is sufficiently described elsewhere (see ENGLISH LAW) .

The See also:

main part of it seems to have been compiled between 1250 and 1256; but apparently it is an unfinished See also:work . This may be due to the fact that when he ceased to be a member of the king's central court Bracton was ordered to surrender certain judicial records which he had been using as raw material . Even though it be unfinished his See also:book is incomparably the best work produced by any English lawyer in the See also:middle ages . The treatise was published in 1569 by See also:Richard Tottel . This See also:text was reprinted in 164o . An edition (1878—1883) with Englishtranslation was included in the Rolls See also:Series . See also:Manuscript copies are numerous, and a See also:critical edition is a desideratum . See Bracton's See also:Note-Book (ed . See also:Maitland, 1887) ; Bracton and See also:Azo (See also:Selden Society, 1895) . (F . W .

End of Article: HENRY DE BRACTON (d. 1268)
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