BRADFORD  , a

city of McKean county, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., near the N. border of the state, about 8o m . E. by S. of Erie . Pop . (1890) 10,514; (1900) 15,029, of whom 2211 were foreign born; (1910 census) 14,544 . It is served by the Pennsylvania,-the Erie, and the Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburg railways; and is connected with Olean, New York, by an electric line . Bradford is situated 1427 ft. above sea-level in the valley of the Tuna, and is shut in by hills on either side . Since 1876 it has been one of the most important oil centres of the state, and it has been connected by pipe lines with cities along the Atlantic coast; petroleum refining is an important industry . Among the city's manufactures are boilers, machines, glass, chemicals, terra cotta, brick, iron pipes and couplings, gas engines, cutlery and silk . The place was first settled about 1827; in 1838 it was laid out as a town and named Littleton; in 1858 the present name, in honour of William Bradford (1755-1795), was substituted; and Bradford was incorporated as a borough in 1873, and was chartered as a city in 1879 . Kendall borough was annexed to Bradford in 1893 .