TYCHO See also:

• BRAHE, PER, COUNT (1602-1680)
• TYCHO BRAHE (1546-1601)

BRAHE (1546-1601)  , Danish astronomer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 14th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1546 at the See also:

• FAMILY

family seat of Knudstrup in Scania, then a Danish See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province . Of See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble family, he was See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early adopted by his See also:

• UNCLE

uncle, Jorgen See also:

• BRAHE, PER, COUNT (1602-1680)
• BRAHE, TYCHO (1546-1601)

Brahe, who sent him, in See also:

• APRIL

April 1559, to study See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy and See also:

• RHETORIC (Gr. psroperctj TEXvq, the art of the orator)

rhetoric at See also:

• COPENHAGEN (Danish Kjobenhavn)

Copenhagen . The punctual occurrence at the predicted See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 21st, 1560, of a See also:

• TOTAL

total See also:

• SOLAR, SOLLER (Lat. solarium, Fr.• galetas, Ital. solaio)

solar See also:

• ECLIPSE (Gr. €uheo,tis, falling out of place, failing)

eclipse led him to regard See also:

• ASTRONOMY (from Gr. &arpov, a star, and v ,usiv, to classify or arrange)

astronomy as " something divine "; he See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased the Ephemerides of Johann Stadius (3rd ed., 157o), and the See also:

• WORKS

works of See also:

• PTOLEMY (CLAUDIUS PTOLEMAEUS)

Ptolemy in Latin, and gained some insight into the theory of the See also:

• PLANETS, MINOR

planets . Entered as a See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law-student at, the university of See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig in 1562, he nevertheless secretly pro8ecuted See also:

• CELESTIAL, OR STELLAR

celestial studies, and began continuous observations with a globe, a pair of compasses and a "See also:

• CROSS

cross-See also:

• STAFF (O. Eng. staef, cf. Du. staf, Ger. Stab, &c.; Icel. stafr meant also a written letter, and O. Eng. stafas, the letters of the alphabet; " stave," one of the thin pieces of wood of which a cask is made, is a doublet)

staff." He quitted Leipzig on the 17th of May 1565, but his uncle dying a See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month later, he repaired to See also:

• WITTENBERG

Wittenberg, and thence to See also:

• ROSTOCK

Rostock, where, in 1566, he lost his See also:

• NOSE (O.Eng. nosu, cf. Dutch neus, Swed. nos, snout; the Aix in Provence. Both at Aix and at Lyons he acquired great connexion with O.Eng. nasu is obscure, cf. Ger. Nase, Lat. pares, distinction by his labours during outbreaks of the plague. In nostrils,

nose in a See also:

• DUEL (Ital. duello, Lat. duellum—old form of bellum-from duo, two)

duel, and substituted an artificial one made of a See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper alloy . In 1569 he matriculated at See also:

• AUGSBURG
• AUGSBURG, CONFESSION OF
• AUGSBURG, WAR OF THE LEAGUE OF

Augsburg, and devoted himself to See also:

• CHEMISTRY
• CHEMISTRY (formerly "chymistry"; Gr. xvµela; for derivation see ALCHEMY)

chemistry for two years (1570-1572) . On his return to See also:

• DENMARK
• DENMARK (Danmark)

Denmark, in 1571, he was permitted by his maternal uncle, See also:

• STENO, NICOLAUS (1631-1686)

Steno Belle, to instal a laboratory at his See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of Herritzvad, near Knudstrup; and there, on the 11th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1572, he caught sight of the famous " new See also:

• STAR

star " in See also:

• CASSIOPEIA

Cassiopeia . He diligently measured its position, and printed an See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of his observations in a See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract entitled De Nova Stella (Copenhagen, 1573), a facsimile of which was produced in 1901, as a tercentenary See also:

• TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute to the author's memory . Tycho's See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage with a See also:

• PEASANT (O. Fr. paysant, Mod. paysan; Lat. pagensis, belonging to the pagus or country; cf. " pagan ")

peasant-girl in 1573 somewhat strained his family relations . He delivered lectures in Copenhagen by royal command in 1574; and in 1575 travelled through See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany to See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice . The See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution of his See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design to See also:

• SETTLE
• SETTLE, ELKANAH (1648–1724)

settle at See also:

• BASEL (Fr. Bale)
• BASEL (Fr. Belle, but Basle is a wholly erroneous form; Ital. Basilea)
• BASEL, CONFESSION OF
• BASEL, COUNCIL OF

Basel was, however, anticipated by the munificence of See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick II., See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of Denmark, who bestowed upon him for See also:

• LIFE

life the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island of Hveen in the See also:

• SOUND
• SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

Sound, together with a See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension of 500 thalers, a canonry in the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral of See also:

• ROSKILDE, or ROESKILDE

Roskilde, and the income of an See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate in See also:

• NORWAY
• NORWAY (Norge)

Norway . The first See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone of the magnificent See also:

• OBSERVATORY

observatory of Uraniborg was laid on the 8th of August 1576; it received the finest procurable instrumental outfit; and was the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene, during twenty-one years, of Tycho's labours in systematically See also:

• COLLECTING

collecting materials—the first made available since the Alexandrian See also:

• EPOCH (Gr. E7roxij, holding in suspense, a pause, from E1rxav, to hold up, to stop)

epoch—for the correction of astronomical theories . See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James VI. of See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, afterwards James I. of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, visited him at Uraniborg on the 20th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1590 .

But by that time his fortunes were on the wane; for Frederick II. died in 1588, and his successor, See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian IV., was less tolerant of Tycho's arrogant and insubordinate behaviour . His pension and See also:

• FIEF

fief having been withdrawn, he sailed for Rostock in See also:

• JUNE

June 1597, and re-commenced observing before the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the See also:

• YEAR

year, in the castle of Wandsbeck near See also:

• HAMBURG

Hamburg . He spent the following See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter at Wittenberg, and reached See also:

• PRAGUE (Ger. Prag; Bohemian Praha)

Prague in June 1599, well assured of favour and See also:

• PROTECTION

protection from the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• RUDOLPH
• RUDOLPH (d. 1o8o)
• RUDOLPH, or RAOUL

Rudolph II . That monarch, accordingly, assigned him the castle of Benatky for his See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence, with a pension of 3000 florins; his See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments were moved thither from Hveen, and Johannes See also:

• KEPLER, JOHANN (1571-1630)

Kepler joined him there in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1600 . But this phase of renewed prosperity was brief . After eleven days' illness, Tycho Brahe died on the 24th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1601, at Benatky, and was buried in the Teynkirche, Prague . Tycho's See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• WORK

work, entitled Astronomiae Instauratae Progymnasmata (2 vols., Prague, 1602—1603) was edited by Kepler . The first See also:

• VOLUME

volume treated of'the motions of the See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun and See also:

• MOON (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maan, Dan. maane, &c., and cognate with such Indo-Germanic forms as Gr. µlip, Sans. ma's, Irish mi, &c.; Lat. uses luna, i.e. lucna, the shining one, lucere, to shine, for the moon, but preserves the word i
• MOON, SIR RICHARD, 1ST BARONET (1814-1899)

moon, and gave the places of 777 fixed stars (this number was increased to 1005 by Kepler in 1627 int.he " Rudolphine Tables ") . The second, which had been privately printed at Uraniborg in 1588 with the heading De Mundi Aetherei recentioribus Phaenomenis, was mainly concerned with the See also:

• COMET (Gr. Koµieiis, long-haired)

comet of 1577, demonstrated by Tycho from its insensible See also:

• PARALLAX (Gr. aapa?X6, alternately)

parallax to be no terrestrial exhalation, as commonly supposed, but a See also:

• BODY

body traversing planetary space . It included, besides, an account of the Tychonic See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan of the cosmos, in which a via See also:

• MEDIA

media was sought between the Ptolemaic and Copernican systems . The See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth retained. its immobility; but the five planets were made to revolve See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the sun, which, with its entire cortege, annually circuited the earth, the See also:

• SPHERE (Gr. vclsa?pa, a ball or globe)

sphere of the fixed stars performing meanwhile, as of old, its all-inclusive diurnal rotation (see ASTRONOMY: See also:

• HISTORY

History) . Under the heading Astronomiae Instauratae Mechanica, Tycho published at Wandsbeck, in 1598, a description of his instruments, together with an autobiographical account of his career and discoveries, including the memorable one of the moon's " variation " (see MooN) .

The See also:

• BOOK

book was reprinted at See also:

• NUREMBERG (Ger. Nurnberg)

Nuremberg in 1602 (cf . Hasselberg, Vierteljahrsschrift Astr . Ges. xxxix. iii . 18o) . His Epistolae Astronomicae, printed at Uraniborg in 1596 with a portrait engraved by Geyn of See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Amsterdam in 1586, were embodied in a See also:

• COMPLETE

complete edition of his works issued at See also:

• FRANKFORT

Frankfort in 1648 . Tycho vastly improved the See also:

• ART

art of astronomical observation . He constructed a table of refractions, allowed for instrumental inaccuracies, and eliminated by averaging accidental errors . He, moreover, corrected the received value of nearly every astronomical quantity; but the theoretical purpose towards which his See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical reform was directed, was foiled by his premature See also:

• DEATH

death . See J . L . E . Dreyer's Tycho Brahe (See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh, 1890), which gives full and See also:

• AUTHENTIC (from Gr. aOO 'rns, one who does a thing himself)

authentic See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information regarding his life and work .

Also Gassendi's Vita (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, .1654); Lebensbeschreibung, collected from various Danish See also:

• SOURCES

sources, and translated into See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German by Philander von der Weistritz (Copenhagen and Leipzig, 1756) ; Tyge Brahe, by F . R . See also:

• FRIIS, JOHAN (1494-1570)

Friis (Copenhagen, 1871); Prager Tychoniana, collected by Dr F . I . Studnicka (Prague, 1901), a description of the scanty Tychonian See also:

• RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)

relics which survived the See also:

• THIRTY

Thirty Years' See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War and are still preserved at Prague . (A . M .