See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

THOMAS See also:

• THOMAS BRASSEY (1805–1870)

BRASSEY (1805–1870)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English railway contractor, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Buerton, near See also:

• CHESTER
• CHESTER, EARLS OF

Chester, on the 7th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1805 . His See also:

• FATHER

father, besides cultivating See also:

• LAND

land of his own, held a large See also:

• FARM

farm of the See also:

• MARQUESS (1760-1842)
• MARQUESS, or MARQUIS (Fr. marquis, Ital. marchese; from med. Lat. marchio, marchisus, i.e. comes marchiae, " count of the March ")

marquess of See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster; his ancestors, according to See also:

• FAMILY

family tradition, having been settled for several centuries at Bulkeley, near Malpas, See also:

• CHESHIRE

Cheshire, before they went to Buerton in 1663 . See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• BRASSEY, THOMAS (1805–1870)

Brassey received an See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary commercial See also:

• EDUCATION

education at a Chester school . At the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of sixteen he was apprenticed to a surveyor, and on the completion of his See also:

• TERM

term became the partner of his See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master, eventually assuming the See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole management of the business . In the See also:

• LOCAL

local surveys to which he devoted his See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention during his See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early years he acquired the knowledge and See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical experience which were the necessary See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation of his See also:

• GREAT

great reputation . .His first engagement as railway contractor was entered upon in 1835, when he undertook the See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution of a portion of the See also:

• GRAND

Grand Junction railway, on the invitation of the distinguished engineer See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph See also:

• LOCKE, GOTTFRIED CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH (1791–1855)
• LOCKE, JOHN (1632-1704)
• LOCKE, MATTHEW (c. 1630-1677)

Locke, who soon afterwards entrusted him with the completion of the See also:

• LONDON

London and See also:

• SOUTHAMPTON
• SOUTHAMPTON, EARL OF
• SOUTHAMPTON, HENRY WRIOTHESLEY, 3RD EARL OF (1J73—1624)

Southampton railway, a task which involved contracts to the amount of £4,000,000 See also:

• STERLING
• STERLING, ANTOINETTE (d. 1904)
• STERLING, JOHN (1806-1844)

sterling and the employment of a See also:

• BODY

body of 3000 men . At the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he was engaged on portions of several other lines in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England and in See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland . In See also:

• CONJUNCTION (from Lat. conjungere, to join together)

conjunction with his partner, W . See also:

• MACKENZIE
• MACKENZIE, ALEXANDER (1822-1892)
• MACKENZIE, HENRY (1745-1831)
• MACKENZIE, SIR ALEXANDER (c. 1755-1820)
• MACKENZIE, SIR ALEXANDER CAMPBELL (1847— )
• MACKENZIE, SIR GEORGE (1636-1691)
• MACKENZIE, SIR MORELL (1837-1892)
• MACKENZIE, WILLIAM LYON (1795-1861)

Mackenzie, Brassey undertook, in 184o, the construction of the railway from See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris to See also:

• ROUEN

Rouen, of which Locke was engineer . He subsequently carried out the See also:

• EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension of the same See also:

• LINE

line . A few years later he was engaged with his partner on five other See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French lines, and on his own See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account on the same number of lines in England, See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales and Scotland . Brassey was now in See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control of an See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

industrial See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of 75,000 men, and the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital involved in his various contracts amounted to some £36,000,000 .

But his See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy and capacity were equal to still larger tasks . He undertook in 1851 other See also:

• WORKS

works in England and Scotland; and in the following See also:

• YEAR

year he engdged in the construction of See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways in See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland, See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia, See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain and See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy . One of his largest undertakings was the Grand See also:

• TRUNK (Fr. tronc, Lat. truncus, cut off, maimed)

Trunk railway of See also:

• CANADA

Canada, 'loci m. in length, with its See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge over the St See also:

• LAWRENCE
• LAWRENCE (LAURENTIUS, LORENZO), ST
• LAWRENCE, AMOS (1786—1852)
• LAWRENCE, AMOS ADAMS (1814–1886)
• LAWRENCE, GEORGE ALFRED (1827–1876)
• LAWRENCE, JOHN LAIRD MAIR LAWRENCE, 1ST BARON (1811-1879)
• LAWRENCE, SIR HENRY MONTGOMERY (1806–1857)
• LAWRENCE, SIR THOMAS (1769–1830)
• LAWRENCE, STRINGER (1697–1775)

Lawrence . In this See also:

• WORK

work he was associated with See also:

• SIR

Sir M . See also:

• PETO, SIR SAMUEL MORTON, BART

Peto and E . L . Betts . In the following years divisions of his industrial army were found in almost every See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, in See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, in See also:

• AUSTRALIA

Australia and in See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• AMERICA

America . Besides actual railway works, he originated and maintained a great number of sub-See also:

• ORDINATE

ordinate assistant establishments, See also:

• COAL

coal and See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron works, See also:

• DOCK

dock-yards, &c., the direction of which alone would be sufficient to See also:

• STRAIN (through O. Fr. straindre, estraindre, mod. i treindre, from Lat. stringere, to draw tight, related to stress, stretch, string, &c.)

strain the energies of an ordinary mind . His profits were, of course, enormous, but prosperity did not intoxicate him; and when heavy losses came, as sometimes they did, he took them bravely and quietly . Among the greatest of his pecuniary disasters were those caused by the fall of the great See also:

• BARENTIN

Barentin viaduct on the Rouen and See also:

• HAVRE
• HAVRE, LE

Havre railway, and by the failure of Peto and Betts . Brassey was one of the first to aim at improving the relations between See also:

• ENGINEERS, MILITARY

engineers and contractors, by setting himself against the corrupt practices which were See also:

• COMMON

common .

He resolutely resisted the " scamping " of work and the See also:

• BRIBERY (from the O. Fr. briberie, begging or vagrancy, bribe, Mid. Lat. briba, signifying a piece of bread given to beggars; the Eng. " bribe " has passed through the meanings of alms, blackmail and extortion, to gifts received or given in order to influ

bribery of inspectors, and what he called the " smothering of BRASSO 435 the engineer "; and he did much in this way to bring about a better See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of things . Large-hearted and generous to a rare degree, modest and See also:

• SIMPLE

simple in his See also:

• TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste and See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners, he was conscious of his See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power as a See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader in his calling, and knew how to use it wisely and for See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble ends . Honours came to him unsought . The See also:

• CROSS

cross of the See also:

• LEGION (Lat. legio)

Legion of See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

Honour was conferred on' him . From See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

Victor See also:

• EMMANUEL, or IMMANUEL

Emmanuel he received the cross of the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

Order of St See also:

• MAURICE (1521–1553)
• MAURICE (MAURICIUS FLAVIUS TIBERIUS) (c. 539–602)
• MAURICE [or MAURITIUS], ST (d. c. 286)
• MAURICE, JOHN FREDERICK DENISON (1805-1872)

Maurice and St See also:

• LAZARUS (a contracted form of the Heb. name Eleazar, " God has helped," Gr. Aiq-apos)
• LAZARUS, EMMA (1849–1887)
• LAZARUS, HENRY (1815–1895)
• LAZARUS, MORITZ (1824–1903)
• LAZARUS, ST, ORDER OF

Lazarus; and from the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor of See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria the decoration of the Iron See also:

• CROWN

Crown, which it is said had not before been given to a foreigner . He died at St Leonards on the 8th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1870 . His See also:

• LIFE

life and labours are commemorated in a See also:

• VOLUME

volume by Sir See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

Arthur See also:

• HELPS, SIR ARTHUR (1813-1875)

Helps (1872) . He See also:

• LEFT

left three sons, of whom the eldest, THOMAS (b . 1836), was knighted and afterwards (r886) created See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

BARON BRASSEY . See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord Brassey, who was educated at See also:

• RUGBY

Rugby and See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, entered See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament as a liberal in 1865, and devoted himself largely to See also:

• NAVAL

naval affairs . He was See also:

• CIVIL

civil lord of the See also:

• ADMIRALTY, HIGH COURT OF

admiralty (188o–1883), and secretary to the admiralty (1883–1885); and both before and after his See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation to the See also:

• PEERAGE
• PEERAGE (Fr. pairage, med. Lat. paragium; M.E. Pere, 0. Fr. per, peer, later pair; Lat. Paris, " equal ")

peerage did important work on naval and statistical inquiries for the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . In 1893–r895 he was See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the Institution of Naval Architects .

In 1894 he was a lord-in-waiting, and from 1895 to 1900 was See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria . In 1908 he was appointed lord See also:

• WARDEN

warden of the Cinque Ports . His voyages in his yacht " Sunbeam " from 1876 onwards, with his first wife (d . 1887), who published an interesting See also:

• BOOK

book on the subject, took him all over the See also:

• WORLD

world . Lord Brassey married a second time in 1890 . Among other publications, his inauguration of the Naval See also:

• ANNUAL

Annual (1886 onwards), and his volumes on The See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• NAVY

Navy, are the most important . His eldest son Thomas, who edited the Naval Annual (1890-19o4), and unsuccessfully contested several See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary constituencies, was born in 1862 .