See also:

• BRAWLING (probably connected with Ger. brallen, to roar, shout)

BRAWLING (probably connected with Ger. brallen, to roar, shout)  , in See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, the offence of quarrelling, or creating a disturbance in a See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church or See also:

• CHURCHYARD
• CHURCHYARD, THOMAS (c. 152o-16o4)

churchyard . During the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early stages of the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England religious controversy too oftenbecame converted into actual disturbance, and the See also:

• RITUAL (from Lat. ritus, a custom, especially a religious rite or custom)

ritual lawlessness of the parochial See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy very frequently provoked popular violence . To repress these disturbances an See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act was passed in 1551, by which it was enacted " that if any See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person shall, by words only, See also:

• QUARREL

quarrel, chide or brawl in any church or churchyard, it shall be lawful for the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary of the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place where the same shall be done and proved by two lawful witnesses, to suspend any person so offending, if he be a layman, from the entrance of the church, and if he be a clerk, from the ministration of his See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office, for so See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long as the said ordinary shall think meet, ac-cording to the See also:

• FAULT (Mid. Eng. faute, through the French, from the popular Latin use of fallere, to fail; the originallof the Latin being replaced in English in the 15th century)

fault." An act of 1553 added the See also:

• PUNISHMENT (from Lat. punire, to punish, from poena, punishment, Gr. 7rocvil)

punishment of imprisonment until the party should repent . The act of 1551 was partly repealed in 1828 and wholly repealed as regards laymen by the Ecclesiastical Courts See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

Jurisdiction Act 186o . Under that act, which applies to See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland as well as to England, persons guilty of riotous, violent or indecent behaviour, in churches and chapels of the Church of England or Ireland, or in any See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel of any religious See also:

• DENOMINATION (Lat. denominare, to give a specific name to)

denomination, or in England in any place of religious See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship duly certified, or in churchyards or See also:

• BURIAL

burial-grounds, are liable on conviction before two justices to a See also:

• PENALTY (Lat. poena, punishment)

penalty of not more than 5, or imprisonment for any See also:

• TERM

term not exceeding two months . This enactment applies to clergy as well as to laity, and a clergyman of the Church of England convicted under it may also be dealt with under the Clergy Discipline Act of 1892 (Girt v . Fillingham, 1901, L.R . Prob . 176) . When Mr J . Kensit during an ordination service in St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul's See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral " objected " to one of the candidates for ordination, on grounds which did not constitute an impediment or notable See also:

• CRIME (Lat. crimen, accusation)

crime within the meaning of the ordination service, he was held to have unlawfully disturbed the See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• LONDON

London in the conduct of the service, and to be liable to conviction under the act of 186o (Kensit v . See also:

• DEAN (Lat. decanus, derived from the Gr. 8eaa, ten)
• DEAN, FOREST OF

Dean and See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

Chapter of St Paul's, 1905, L.R .

2 K.B . 249) . The public worship of See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant Dissenters, See also:

• ROMAN

Roman Catholics and See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews in England had before 186o been protected by a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of statutes beginning with the See also:

• TOLERATION (from Lat. tolerare, to endure)

Toleration Act of 1689, and ending with the See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

Liberty of Religious Worship Act 1855 . These enactments, though not repealed, are for See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical purposes superseded by the See also:

• SUMMARY

summary remedy given by the act of 186o . In See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland disturbance of public worship is punishable as a See also:

• BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach of the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace (Dougall v . Dykes, 1861, 4 See also:

• IRVINE

Irvine rot) . In See also:

• BRITISH

British possessions abroad interference with religious worship is usually dealt with by legislation, and not as a See also:

• COMMON

common-law offence . In See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India it is an offence voluntarily to cause disturbance to any See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly lawfully engaged in the performance of religious worship or religious ceremonies (Penal See also:

• CODE (Lat. codex)

Code, s . 296) . Under the See also:

• QUEENSLAND

Queensland Criminal Code of 1899 (s . 207) penalties are imposed on persons who wilfully and without lawful See also:

• JUSTIFICATION

justification or excuse (the See also:

• PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof of which lies on them) disquiet or disturb any See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting of persons lawfully assembled for religious worship, or See also:

• ASSAULT (from Lat. ad, to or on, and saltare, to leap)

assault any forces lawfully officiating at such meeting, or any of the persons there assembled . In the See also:

• UNITED

United States disturbance of religious worship is treated as an offence under the common law, which is in many states supplemented by legislation (see Bishop, Amer .

Crim . Law, 8th ed . 1892, vol. i . S . 542, vol. ii. ss . 303-305; See also:

• CALIFORNIA
• CALIFORNIA, LOWER (Baja California)
• CALIFORNIA, UNIVERSITY OF

California Penal Code, s . 302; Revised See also:

• LAWS

Laws of See also:

• MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts, 1902, See also:

• CHAP

chap . 212, s . 30.) .