See also:

• BREISACH, or ALTBREISACH

BREISACH, or ALTBREISACH  , a See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, in the See also:

• GRAND

grand duchy of See also:

• BADEN
• BADEN, GRAND DUCHY OF

Baden, on the See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine, See also:

• STANDING

standing on a See also:

• BASALT

basalt See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock 250 ft. above the See also:

• RIVER

river, to m . W. of See also:

• FREIBURG

Freiburg-See also:

• IM(K2+a2+h2—2 ah cos 0)

im-See also:

• BREISGAU

Breisgau, and on the railway connecting that See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city with See also:

• COLMAR, or KOLMAR

Colmar . Pop . (1900) 3537• It has a See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• MINSTER
• MINSTER (from Lat. monasterium; cf. German Munster)

minster, partly Romanesque, partly See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic, dating from the loth to the 15th centuries; of its two See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal towers one is 13th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century Gothic, the other Romanesque . The interior is remarkable for its See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich decorations, especially the See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood-See also:

• CARVING

carving of the high See also:

• ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

altar, and for many interesting tombs and pictures . There is little See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry, but a considerable See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade is done in wines and other agricultural 1 BREISGAU-See also:

• BREITENFELD

BREITENFELD produce . On the opposite bank of the Rhine, here crossed by a railway See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge, lies the little town of See also:

• NEUBREISACH

Neubreisach and the fort See also:

• MORTIER, EDOUARD ADOLPHE CASIMIR JOSEPH, DUKE OF TREVISO (1768-1835)

Mortier . See also:

• BREISACH, or ALTBREISACH

Breisach (Brisiacum), formerly an imperial city and until the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the 18th century one of the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief fortresses of the See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire, is of See also:

• GREAT

great antiquity . A stronghold of the See also:

• SEQUANI

Sequani (a Gallic tribe, which occupied the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country of the See also:

• DOUBS

Doubs and See also:

• BURGUNDY

Burgundy), it was captured in the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of See also:

• JULIUS

Julius See also:

• CAESAR, GAIUS JULIUS (102—44 B.c.)
• CAESAR, SIR JULIUS (1557-1558-1636)

Caesar by Ariovistus and became known as the See also:

• MONS (Flemish Bergen)

Mons Brisiacus . Fortified by the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor Valentian in 369 to defend the Rhine against the Germans, it retained its position throughout the middle ages as one of the chief bulwarks of Germany and was called the "See also:

• CUSHION (from O. Fr. coisson, coussin; according to the New English Dict., from Lat. coxa, a hip; others say from Lat. culcita, a quilt)

cushion and See also:

• KEY
• KEY (in O. Eng. tang; the ultimate origin of the word is unknown; it appears only in Old Frisian kei of other Teutonic languages; until the end of the 17th century the pronunciation was kay, as in other words in O. Eng. ending in aeg; cf. daeg, day; clang
• KEY (the phraseograms being indicated by hyphens)
• KEY, SIR ASTLEY COOPER (1821-1888)
• KEY, THOMAS HEWITT (1799-1875)

key (Kisser and Schliissel) of the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German empire." Its importance was such that it gave its name to the See also:

• DISTRICT

district Breisgau, in which it is situated . In 939 it was taken by the emperor See also:

• OTTO

Otto I., and after remaining in the exclusive See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the emperors for two centuries, was strengthened and shared for a while between them and the bishops of See also:

• BASEL (Fr. Bale)
• BASEL (Fr. Belle, but Basle is a wholly erroneous form; Ital. Basilea)
• BASEL, CONFESSION OF
• BASEL, COUNCIL OF

Basel . In 1254 and 1262 the bishops obtained full See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control over it; but in 1275 it was made an imperial city by See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• RUDOLPH
• RUDOLPH (d. 1o8o)
• RUDOLPH, or RAOUL

Rudolph I., and at the beginning of the 14th century his son brought it definitively into the possession of the See also:

• HABSBURG, or HAPSBURG

Habsburg monarchs, leaving the bishops but few privileges .

In the See also:

• THIRTY

Thirty Years' See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War Breisach successfully resisted the Swedes, but after a memorable See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege and a See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence by See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General von Reisach, one of the most famous in military See also:

• ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

annals, it was forced to capitulate to See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

Duke Bernhard of See also:

• SAXE, JOHN GODFREY (1816-1887)
• SAXE, MAURICE, COMTE DE (1696-1750)

Saxe-See also:

• WEIMAR

Weimar on the 18th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1638 . The endeavours of the emperor See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand III. to retake it were fruitless, and by the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of See also:

• WESTPHALIA (Ger. Westfalen)
• WESTPHALIA, TREATY OF

Westphalia (1648) Breisach was annexed to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France . By the peace of See also:

• RYSWICK, TREATY OF

Ryswick (1697) it was restored to See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria, when See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XIV. built the town and fortress of Neubreisach on the left bank of the Rhine . Again in 1703 it See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell into the hands of the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French, owing to treachery, but was ceded to Austria by the peace of See also:

• RASTATT

Rastatt (1714) . Yet again, in the War of the See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

Succession, it was captured (1744) by the French, who dismantled the fortifications . They refortified it in 1796, and after passing, by the peace of See also:

• LUNEVILLE

Luneville (18o1), together with the Breisgau to the duke of See also:

• MODENA (ancient Mutina)

Modena, Breisach was by the peace of See also:

• PRESSBURG (Hung. Pozsony, Lat. Posonium)

Pressburg (1805) finally incorporated with Baden, when the fortifications were razed . During the Franco-German War (187o) Breisach suffered severely from See also:

• BOMBARDMENT

bombardment directed against it from Neubreisach .