BRENNUS  , the name, or perhaps the See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title, of two chiefs of the See also:

• CELTIC

Celtic Gauls . (1) The first Brennus crossed the See also:

• APENNINES (Gr. 'A1T- vvLvos, Lat. Appenninus—in both cases used in the singular)

Apennines in 391 B.C., ravaged See also:

• ETRURIA

Etruria, and annihilated a See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of about 40,000 men on the See also:

• ALLIA (mod. Fosso Bettina)
• ALLIA, PIERRE (1641-1717)

Allia some 12 M. from See also:

• CLUSIUM (mod. Chiusi, q.v.)

Clusium (See also:

• JULY

July 16, 390) . See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome thus See also:

• LAY

lay at his See also:

• MERCY (adapted from Fr. merci, Lat. merces, reward)
• MERCY (or MERCI), FRANZ, FREIHERR VON

mercy, but he wasted See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, and the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans were able to occupy and See also:

• PROVISION (Lat. provisio)

provision the Capitol (though they had not sufficient forces to defend their walls) and to send their See also:

• WOMEN

women and See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children to See also:

• VEII

Veii . When on the third See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day the Gauls took See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession, they found the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city occupied only by those aged See also:

• PATRICIANS (Lat. patricius, an adjectival form from pater, father; not, as some say, from pater and ciere, to call)

patricians who had held high See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office in the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state . For a while the Gauls withheld their hands out of See also:

• AWE, LOCH

awe and reverence, but the ruder passions soon prevailed . The city was sacked and burnt; but the Capitol itself withstood a See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of more than six months, saved from surprise on one occasion only by the wakefulness of the sacred geese and the courage of See also:

• MARCUS

Marcus See also:

• MANLIUS

Manlius . At last the Gauls consented to accept a See also:

• RANSOM (from Lat. redemptio, through Fr. rancon)

ransom of a thousand pounds of See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold . As it was being weighed out, the Roman See also:

• TRIBUNE (med. Lat. tribune, from classical Lat. tribunal)

tribune complained of some unfairness . Brennus at once threw his heavy See also:

• SWORD (0. Eng. sweord; ultimately from an Indo-European root meaning to wound)

sword into the See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

scale; and when asked the meaning of the See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act, replied that it meant Vae victis (" woe to the conquered ") . The Gauls returned See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home with their See also:

• PLUNDER

plunder, leaving Rome in a See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition from which she took See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long to recover . A later See also:

• LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

legend, probably an invention, represents M . Furius See also:

• CAMILLUS
• CAMILLUS, MARCUS FURIUS

Camillus as suddenly appearing with an avenging army at the moment when the gold was being weighed, and defeating Brennus and all his See also:

• HOST

host .

See See also:

• LIVY [Thus L1v1us] (59 B.C.—A.D: 17)

Livy v . 33-49; See also:

• PLUTARCH
• PLUTARCH (Gr. llXoi rapxos) (c. A.D. 46–120)

Plutarch, Camillus, 17, 22, 28; See also:

• POLYBIUS (c. 204–122 B.C.)

Polybius i . 6, ii . 18; See also:

• DION

Dion . Halic. xiii . 7 . (2) The second Brennus is said to have been one of the leaders of an inroad made by the Gauls from the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of the Adriatic into See also:

• THRACE

Thrace and See also:

• MACEDONIA

Macedonia (280), when they defeated and slew See also:

• PTOLEMY (CLAUDIUS PTOLEMAEUS)

Ptolemy Ceraunus, then See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of Macedonia . Whether Brennus took See also:

• PART

part in this first invasion or not is uncertain; but its success led him to urge his countrymen to a second expedition, when he marched with a large army through Macedonia and See also:

• THESSALY

Thessaly until he reached See also:

• THERMOPYLAE (Gr. OepµSs, hot, and 1rf)X,

Thermopylae . To this point the See also:

• UNITED

united forces of the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern Greeks—Athenians, Phocians, Boeotians and Aetolians—had fallen back; and here the Greeks a second time held their See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign invaders in check for many days, and a second time had their See also:

• REAR

rear turned, owing to the treachery of some of the natives, by the same path which had been discovered to the Persians two See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred years before . Brennus and his Gauls marched on to See also:

• DELPHI (the Pytho of Homer and Herodotus; in Boeotian inscriptions BeA4oi, on coins Aa)tg5oi)

Delphi, of whose sacred treasures they had heard much . But the little force which the Delphians and their neighbours had collected—about 4000 men—favoured by the strength of their position, made a successful See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence . They railed down rocks upon their enemies as they crowded into the See also:

• DEFILE

defile, and showered missiles on them from above .

A See also:

• THUNDER

thunder-See also:

• STORM (in O. Eng..storm, and so in Du. and Low Ger.; in O. H. Ger. and mod. Ger. Sturm; the root is probably that seen in " stir," to rouse, move, disturb, cf. Ger. storen)
• STORM, THEODOR WOLDSEN (1817-1888)

storm, with See also:

• HAIL (O. Eng. kcegl and hagol, 1 cf. the cognate Teutonic hagel, as in German, Dutch, Swedish, &c.; the Gr. K&XX17E, pebble, is probably allied)

hail and intense See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold, increased their confusion, and on Brennus himself being wounded they took to See also:

• FLIGHT

flight, pursued by the Greeks all the way back to Thermopylae . Brennus killed himself, " unable to endure the See also:

• PAIN (from Lat. poena, Gr. robin, penalty, that which must be paid: O. Fr. peine)
• PAIN, BARRY (1867– )

pain of his wounds," says See also:

• JUSTIN (JUNIANUS JUSTINUS)

Justin; more probably determined not to return home defeated . See Justin See also:

• XXIV

xxiv . 6; Diod . Sic. xxii . 11; See also:

• PAUSANIAS

Pausanias x . 19-23; L . Contzen, See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die Wanderungen der Kelten (See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1861) .