ARISTIDE See also:

• ARISTIDE BRIAND (1862– )

BRIAND (1862– )  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French statesman, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• NANTES
• NANTES, EDICT OF

Nantes, of a See also:

• BOURGEOIS
• BOURGEOIS, LEON VICTOR AUGUSTE (1851– )

bourgeois See also:

• FAMILY

family . He studied See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, and while still See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young took to politics, associating himself with the most advanced movements, See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing articles for the anarchist See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

journal Le Peuple, and directing the Lanterne for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . From this he passed to the Petite Republique, leaving it to found, with See also:

• JEAN

Jean See also:

• JAURES, JEAN LEON (1859- )

Jaures, L'Humanite . At the same time he was prominent in the See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement for the formation of labour unions, and at the See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress of working men at Nantes in 1894 he secured the See also:

• ADOPTION (Lat. adoptio, for adoptalio, from adoptare, to choose for oneself)

adoption of the labour See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea against the adherents of Jules See also:

• GUESDE, JULES BASILE (1845– )

Guesde . From that time, See also:

• BRIAND, ARISTIDE (1862– )

Briand became one of the leaders of the French Socialist party . In 1902, after several unsuccessful attempts, he was elected See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy . He declared himself a strong See also:

• PARTISAN, or PARTIZAN

partisan of the union of the See also:

• LEFT

Left in what is known as the Bloc, in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to check the reactionary deputies of the Right . From the beginning of his career in the chamber of deputies, Briand was occupied with the question of the separation of See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church and See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state . He was appointed reporter of the See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission charged with the preparation of the law, and his masterly See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report at once marked him out as one of the coming leaders . He succeeded in carrying his project through with but slight modifications, and without dividing the parties upon whose support he relied . He was the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal author of the law of separation, but, not content with preparing • it, he wished to apply it as well, especially as the existing See also:

• ROUVIER, MAURICE (1842— )

Rouvier See also:

• MINISTRY

ministry allowed disturbances to occur during the taking of inventories of church See also:

• PROPERTY

property, a clause of the law for which Briand was not responsible . Consequently he accepted the See also:

• PORTFOLIO (shortened form of Porto folio, adapted from the Ital. portafogli, portare, to carry, and fogli, sheets or leaves of paper, Lat. folium, leaf)

portfolio of public instruction and See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship in the Sarrien ministry (1go6) .

So far as the chamber was concerned his success was See also:

• COMPLETE

complete . But the See also:

• ACCEPTANCE (Lat. acceptare, frequentative form of accipere, to receive)

acceptance of a portfolio in a bourgeois ministry led to his exclusion from the Unified Socialist party (See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 19(36) . As opposed to Jaures, he contended that the Socialists should co-operate actively with the Radicals in all matters of reform, and not stand aloof to await the complete fulfilment of their ideals .