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See also: born at See also: Bourges on the 31st of See also: July 1835
.
He followed his See also: father's profession of advocate, and having made himself conspicuous in opposition during the last days of the See also: empire, was appointed deputy-mayor of See also: Paris after its overthrow
.
He was elected to the See also: Assembly on the 8th of See also: February 1871, as a member of the extreme See also: Left
.
While not approving of the Commune, he was the first to propose amnesty for the condemned (on the 13th of See also: September 1871), but the proposal was voted down
.
He strongly supported obligatory See also: primary See also: education, and was a See also: firm See also: anti-clerical
.
He was president of the chamber from 1881—replacing Gambetta—to See also: March 1885, when he became
See also: prime See also: minister upon the resignation of Jules See also: Ferry; but he resigned when, after the general elections of that See also: year, he only just obtained a majority for the See also: vote of See also: credit for the See also: Tongking expedition
.
He remained conspicuous as a public See also: man, took a prominent See also: part in exposing the See also: Panama scandals, was a powerful See also: candidate for the See also: presidency after the See also: murder of President See also: Carnot in 1894, and was again president of the chamber from See also: December 1894 to 1898
.
In See also: June of the latter year he formed a See also: cabinet when the country was violently excited over the See also: Dreyfus affair; his firmness and honesty increased the respect in which he was already held by See also: good citizens, but a chance vote on an occasion of especial excitement overthrew his See also: ministry in See also: October
.
As one of the leaders of the radicals he actively supported. the ministries of Waldeck-See also: Rousseau and Combes, especially concerning the
See also: laws on the religious orders and the separaticn of See also: church and
See also: state
.
In 1899 he was a candidate for the presidency
.
In May 1906 he was elected president of the chamber of deputies by 500 out of 581 votes
.
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