2ND See also:

• EARL

EARL OF1 See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

GEORGE See also:

• DIGBY, KENELM HENRY (1800-188o)
• DIGBY, SIR EVERARD (1578-1606)
• DIGBY, SIR KENELM (1603-1665)

DIGBY See also:

• BRISTOL
• BRISTOL, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• 2ND EARL OF1 GEORGE DIGBY BRISTOL (1612-1677)
• BRISTOL, JOHN DIGBY, 1ST EARL OF 6 (1580-1653)

BRISTOL (1612-1677)  , eldest son of the 1st See also:

• EARL

earl (see below), was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1612 . At the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of twelve he appeared at the See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

bar of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of See also:

• COMMONS

Commons and pleaded for his See also:

• FATHER

father, then in the See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

Tower, when his youth, graceful See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person and well-delivered speech made a See also:

• GREAT

great 1 I. e. in the See also:

• DIGBY, KENELM HENRY (1800-188o)
• DIGBY, SIR EVERARD (1578-1606)
• DIGBY, SIR KENELM (1603-1665)

Digby See also:

• LINE

line; for the Herveys see above . impression . He was admitted to Magdalen See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, on the 15th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1626, where he was a favourite See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil of See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter Heylin, and became M.A. in 1636 . He spent the following years in study and in travel, from which he returned, according to See also:

• CLARENDON, CONSTITUTIONS OF
• CLARENDON, EDWARD HYDE, 1ST EARL OF (1609-1674)
• CLARENDON, GEORGE WILLIAM FREDERICK VILLIERS, 4TH EARL OF (in the Villiers line) (1800-r87o)
• CLARENDON, HENRY HYDE

Clarendon, " the most accomplished person of our nation or perhaps any other nation," and distinguished by a remarkably handsome person . In 1638 and 1639 were written the Letters between See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George Digby and See also:

• SIR

Sir Kenelm Digby, Knt. concerning See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

Religion (publ . 1651), in which Digby attacked See also:

• ROMAN

Roman Catholicism . In See also:

• JUNE

June 1634 Digby was committed to the See also:

• FLEET

Fleet till See also:

• JULY

July for striking Crofts, a See also:

• GENTLEMAN (from Lat. gentilis, " belonging to a race or gens," and " man "; Fr. gentilhomme, Span. gentil hombre, Ital. gentil huomo, in its original and strict signification, a term denoting a man of good family, the Lat. generosus (its invariable transl

gentleman of the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court, in See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

Spring Gardens; and possibly his severe treatment and the disfavour shown to his father were the causes of his hostility to the court . He was elected member for See also:

• DORSETSHIRE (DORSET)

Dorsetshire in both the See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

Short and See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

Long parliaments in 164o, and in See also:

• CONJUNCTION (from Lat. conjungere, to join together)

conjunction with See also:

• PYM, JOHN (1584-1643)

Pym and See also:

• HAMPDEN, HENRY BOUVERIE WILLIAM BRAND, 1ST
• HAMPDEN, JOHN (c. 1595-1643)
• HAMPDEN, RENN DICKSON (1793-1868)

Hampden he took an active See also:

• PART

part in the opposition to See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles . He moved on the 9th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November for a See also:

• COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

committee to consider the " deplorable See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state " of the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom, and oh the 11th was included in the committee for the See also:

• IMPEACHMENT (O. Fr. empeahement, empeschement, from em pecher or empescher, to hinder, Late Lat. impedicare, to entangle, pedica, fetter, pes, foot)

impeachment of See also:

• STRAFFORD, EARLS OF
• STRAFFORD, THOMAS WENTWORTH, EARL

Strafford, against whom he at first showed great zeal . He, however, opposed the See also:

• ATTAINDER (from the O. Fr. ataindre, ateindre, to attain, i.e. to strike, accuse, condemn; Lat. attingere, tangere, to touch; the meaning has been greatly affected by the confusion with Fr. taindre, teindre, to taint, stain, Lat. tingere, to dye)

attainder, made an eloquent speech on the 21st of See also:

• APRIL

April 1641, accentuating the weakness of See also:

• VANE (formerly spelt " fane," i.e. pennon, flag; cf. Ger. Feline, Du. vaan, Fr. girouette, Ital. banderuola, Ger. Wellerfahne)
• VANE, SIR HENRY (1589-1654)
• VANE, SIR HENRY (1613-1662)

Vane's See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

evidence against the prisoner; and showing the injustice of ex See also:

• POST

post facto legislation . He was regarded in consequence with great hostility by the See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary party, and was accused of having stolen from Pym's table Vane's notes on which the See also:

• PROSECUTION

prosecution mainly depended .

On the 15th of July his speech was burnt by the hangman by the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of the House of Commons . Meanwhile on the 8th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February he had made an important speech in the Commons advocating the See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

reformation and opposing the abolition of See also:

• EPISCOPACY (from Late Lat. episcopatus, the office of a bishop, episcopas)

episcopacy . On the 8th of June, during the angry discussion on the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army See also:

• PLOT
• PLOT, ROBERT (164o-1696)

plot, he narrowly escaped See also:

• ASSAULT (from Lat. ad, to or on, and saltare, to leap)

assault in the House; and the following See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, in order to See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save him from further attacks, the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king called him up to the Lords in his father's See also:

• BARONY

barony of Digby . He now became the evil See also:

• GENIUS (from Lat. genere, gignere)

genius of Charles, who had the incredible folly to follow his See also:

• ADVICE (Fr. avis, from Lat. ad, to, and visum, viewed)

advice in preference to such men as See also:

• HYDE
• HYDE, THOMAS (1636-1703)

Hyde and See also:

• FALKLAND
• FALKLAND, LUCIUS CARY

Falkland . In November he is recorded as performing " singular See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good service," and " doing beyond admiration," in speaking in the Lords against the instruction concerning evil counsellors . He suggested to Charles the impeachment of the five members, and urged upon him the fatal See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to See also:

• ARREST (Fr. arrester, arreeter, to stop or stay)

arrest them on the 4th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1642; but he failed to See also:

• PLAY

play his part in the Lords in securing the arrest of Lord See also:

• MANDEVILLE, BERNARD DE (1670-1733)
• MANDEVILLE, GEOFFREY DE (d. 1144)

Mandeville, to whom on the contrary he declared that " the king was very mischievously advised "; and according to Clarendon his imprudence was responsible for the betrayal of the king's See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan . Next day he advised the attempt to seize them in the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city by force . The same See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month he was ordered to appear in the Lords to See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer a See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of high See also:

• TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason for a supposed armed attempt at See also:

• KINGSTON
• KINGSTON, ELIZABETH, DUCHESS OF (1720-1788)
• KINGSTON, WILLIAM HENRY GILES (1814-188o)

Kingston, but fled to See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

Holland, where he joined the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen, and on the 26th of February was impeached . Subsequently he visited Charles at See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York disguised as a Frenchman, but on the return voyage to Holland he was captured and taken to See also:

• HULL
• HULL (in O.Eng. hulu, from helan, to cover, cf. Ger. Hiille, covering)
• HULL (officially KINGSTON-UPON-HULL)
• HULL, ISAAC (1775-1843)

Hull, where he for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time escaped detection; and at last he cajoled Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• HOTHAM, SIR JOHN (d. 1645)
• HOTHAM, WILLIAM HOTHAM, 1ST BARON (1736-1813)

Hotham, after discovering himself, into permitting his See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape . Later he ventured on a second visit to Hull to persuade Hotham to surrender the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place to Charles, but this project failed . He was See also:

• PRESENT

present at Edgehill, and greatly distinguished himself at Lich-See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field, where he was wounded while leading the assault . He soon, however, threw down his See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission in consequence of a See also:

• QUARREL

quarrel with See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• RUPERT (1352—1410)
• RUPERT (HRODBERT), ST
• RUPERT, PRINCE, COUNT PALATINE OF THE RHINE AND DUKE OF BAVARIA (1619—1682)

Rupert, and returned to the king at Oxford, over whom he obtained more See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence as the prospect became more gloomy .

On the 28th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1643 he was appointed secretary of state and a privy councillor, and on the 31st of October high steward of Oxford University . He now supported the queen's disastrous policy of See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign alliances and help from See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland, and engaged in a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of imprudent and See also:

• ILL

ill-conducted negotiations which greatly injured the king's affairs, while his fierce disputes with Rupert and his party further embarrassed them . On the 14th of October 1645 he was made See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of the royal forces See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of the See also:

• TRENT
• TRENT (Lat. Tridentum; Ital. Trento; Ger. relent)
• TRENT, COUNCIL OF

Trent, with the obje t of pushing through to join See also:

• MONTROSE
• MONTROSE, JAMES GRAHAM, MARQUESS OF (1612—1650)
• MONTROSE, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF

Montrose, but he was defeated or the 15th at Sherburn, where his See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence was captured, disclosing the king's expectations from abroad and from Ireland and his intrigues with the Scots; and after reaching See also:

• DUMFRIES (Gaelic, " the fort in the copse ")

Dumfries, he found his way barred . He escaped on the 24th to the Isle of See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

Man, thence See also:

• CROSSING

crossing to Ireland, where he caused Glamorgan to be arrested . Here, on this new See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage, he believed he was going to achieve wonders . " Have I not carried my See also:

• BODY

body swimmingly," he wrote to Hyde in irrepressible good See also:

• SPIRITS

spirits, " who beingbefore so irreconcilably hated by the Puritan party, have thus seasonably made myself as odious to the Papists?"1 His project now was to bring over Prince Charles to See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head a royalist See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement in the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island; and having joined Charles at See also:

• JERSEY
• JERSEY, EARLS OF

Jersey in April 1646, he intended to entrap him on See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board, but was dissuaded by Hyde . He then travelled to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris to gain the queen's consent to his See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme, but returned to persuade Charles to go to Paris, and accompanied him thither, revisiting Ireland on the 29th of June once more, and finally escaping to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France on the surrender of the island to the See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament . At Paris amongst the royalists he found himself in a See also:

• NEST

nest of enemies eager to pay off old scores . Prince Rupert challenged him, and he fought a See also:

• DUEL (Ital. duello, Lat. duellum—old form of bellum-from duo, two)

duel with Lord See also:

• WILMOT
• WILMOT, DAVID (1814-1868)

Wilmot . He continued his adventures by serving in See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XIV.'s troops in the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war of the See also:

• FRONDE, THE

Fronde, in which he greatly distinguished himself . He was appointed in 1651 lieutenant-general in the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French army, and See also:

• COMMANDER

commander of the forces in See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders . These new honours, however, were soon lost .

During See also:

• MAZARIN, JULES (1602-1661)

Mazarin's enforced See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence from the court Digby aspired to become his successor; and the See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal, who had from the first penetrated his See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character and regarded him as a See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere adventurer,2 on his restoration to See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power sent Digby away on an expedition in See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy; and on his return informed him that he was included in the See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of those expelled from France, in accordance with the new treaty with See also:

• CROMWELL, HENRY (1628-1674)
• CROMWELL, OLIVER (1599-1658)
• CROMWELL, RICHARD (1626–1712)
• CROMWELL, THOMAS, EARL OF

Cromwell . In August 1656 he joined Charles II. at See also:

• BRUGES (Flemish Brugge, a name signifying the bridge or place of bridges)

Bruges, and desirous of avenging himself upon the cardinal offered his services to See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don John of See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria in the See also:

• NETHERLANDS

Netherlands, being instrumental in effecting the surrender of the See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

garrison of .St Ghislain to See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain in 1657 . On the 1st of January 1657 he was appointed by Charles II. secretary of state, but shortly afterwards, having become a Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic—probably with the view of adapting himself better to his new See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• FRIENDS, SOCIETY
• FRIENDS, SOCIETY OF

friends—he was compelled to resign See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office . Charles, however, on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of his " jollity " and Spanish experience took him with him to Spain in 1659, though his presence was especially deprecated by the Spanish; but he succeeded in ingratiating himself, and was welcomed by the king of Spain subsequently at See also:

• MADRID

Madrid . By the See also:

• DEATH

death of his father Digby had succeeded in January 1659 to the See also:

• PEERAGE
• PEERAGE (Fr. pairage, med. Lat. paragium; M.E. Pere, 0. Fr. per, peer, later pair; Lat. Paris, " equal ")

peerage as 2rld earl of See also:

• BRISTOL
• BRISTOL, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• BRISTOL, GEORGE DIGBY, 2ND EARL OF1 (1612-1677)
• BRISTOL, JOHN DIGBY, 1ST EARL OF 6 (1580-1653)

Bristol, and had been made K.G. the same month . He returned to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England at the restoration, when he found himself excluded from office on account of his religion, and relegated to only secondary importance . His See also:

• DESIRE

desire to make a brilliant figure induced a restless and ambitious activity in parliament . He adopted an attitude of violent hostility to Clarendon . In foreign affairs he inclined strongly to the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of Spain, and opposed the king's See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage with See also:

• CATHERINE
• CATHERINE, SAINT

Catherine of See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal . He persuaded Charles to despatch him to Italy to view the See also:

• MEDICI
• MEDICI, GIACOMO (1817-1882)

Medici princesses, but the royal marriage and treaty with Portugal were settled in his absence . In June 1663 he made an attempt to upset Clarendon's management of the House of Commons, but his intrigue was exposed.to the parliament by Charles, and Bristol was obliged to attend the House to exonerate himself, when he confessed that he had " taken the See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty of enlarging," and his " comedian-like speech excited general amusement . Exasperated by these failures, in a violent See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene with the king See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in July, he See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out into fierce and disrespectful reproaches, ending with a See also:

• THREAT

threat that unless Charles granted his See also:

• REQUESTS, COURT OF

requests within twenty-four See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours " he would do somewhat that should awaken him out of his slumbers, and make him look better to his own business." Accordingly on the loth he impeached Clarendon in the Lords of high treason, and on the charge being dismissed renewed 1 Clarendon State Papers, ii .

201 . 6 Mimoires du Cardinal de See also:

• RETZ, JEAN FRANCOIS PAUL DE GONDI, CARDINAL DE (1614-1679)
• RETZ, SEIGNEURS AND DUKES OF

Retz (2859), app. iii . 437, 442 . IV . 19 his See also:

• ACCUSATION (Lat. accusatio, accusare, to challenge to a causa, a suit or trial at law)

accusation, and was expelled from the court, only avoiding the See also:

• WARRANT (Med. Lat. warantum; O. Fr. garant, warant, derived from O.H.G. root represented in modern German bygewdhren)

warrant issued for his See also:

• APPREHENSION (Lat. ad, to; prehendere, to seize)

apprehension by a concealment of two years . In January 1664 he caused a new sensation by his See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance at his house at See also:

• WIMBLEDON

Wimbledon, where he publicly renounced before witnesses his Roman Catholicism, and declared himself a See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant, his See also:

• MOTIVE (from Lat. movere, to move)

motive being probably to secure See also:

• IMMUNITY (from Lat. immunis, not subject to a munus or public service)

immunity from the charge of recusancy preferred against him.3 When, however, the fall of Clarendon was desired, Bristol was again welcomed at court . He took his seat in the Lords on the 29th of July 1667 . " The king," wrote See also:

• PEPYS, SAMUEL (1633-1703)

Pepys in November, " who not long ago did say of Bristoll that he was a man able in three years to get himself a See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune in any kingdom in the See also:

• WORLD

world and lose all again in three months, do now See also:

• HUG, JOHANN LEONHARD (1765-1846)

hug him and commend his parts everywhere above all the world."4 He pressed eagerly for Clarendon's commital, and on the refusal of the Lords accused them of See also:

• MUTINY
• MUTINY (from an old verb " mutine," O. Fr. mutin, meutin, a sedition; cf. mod. Fr. emeute; the original is the Late Lat. mota, commotion, from movere, to move)

mutiny and See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion, and entered his dissent with "great fury." In See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March ,668 he attended prayers in the Lords . On the 15th of March 1673 though still ostensibly a Roman Catholic, he spoke in favour of the Test See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act, describing himself as " a Catholic of the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, not a Catholic of the court of Rome," and asserting the unfitness of Romanists for public office . His adventurous and erratic career closed by death on the loth of March 1677 . Bristol was one of the most striking and conspicuous figures of his time, a man of brilliant abilities, a great orator, one who distinguished himself without effort in any See also:

• SPHERE (Gr. vclsa?pa, a ball or globe)

sphere of activity he See also:

• CHOSE (Fr. for " thing ")

chose to enter, but whose natural gifts were marred by a restless ambition and instability of character fatal to real greatness . Clarendon describes him as " the only man I ever knew of such incomparable parts that was none the wiser for any experience or misfortune that befell him," and records his extra-See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary facility in making friends and making enemies .

See also:

• HORACE [QuINTus HORATIUS FLACCUS] (65-8 B.C.)

Horace See also:

• WALPOLE, HORATIO
• WALPOLE, SIR SPENCER (1839-1907)

Walpole characterized him in a series of his smartest antitheses as "a singular person whose Iife was one See also:

• CONTRADICTION, PRINCIPLE OF (principium contradictionis)

contradiction." "He wrote against popery and embraced it; he was a zealous opposer of the court and a See also:

• SACRIFICE (from Lat. sacrificium; sacer, holy, and facere, to make)

sacrifice for it; was conscientiously converted in the midst of his prosecution of Lord Strafford and was most unconscientiously a persecutor of Lord Clarendon . With great parts, he always hurt himself and his friends; with romantic bravery, he was always an unsuccessful commander . He spoke for the Test Act, though a Roman Catholic; and addicted him-self to See also:

• ASTROLOGY

astrology on the birthday of true See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy." Besides his youthful correspondence with Sir K . Digby on the subject of religion already mentioned, he was the author of an Apologie (1643, See also:

• THOMASON, GEORGE (d. 1666)

Thomason Tracts, E . 34 (32)), justifying his support of the king's cause; of See also:

• ELVIRA, SYNOD OF

Elvira . . . a See also:

• COMEDY

comedy (1667), printed in R . See also:

• DODSLEY, ROBERT (1703-1764)

Dodsley's Select Collect. of Old See also:

• ENGLISH

English Plays (See also:

• HAZLITT, WILLIAM (1778-1830)

Hazlitt, 1876), vol. xv., and of Worse and Worse, an See also:

• ADAPTATION (from Lat. adaptare. to fit to)

adaptation from the Spanish, acted but not printed . Other writings are also ascribed to him, including the authorship with Sir See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel See also:

• TUKE

Tuke of The Adventures. of Five Hours (1663) . His eloquent and pointed speeches, many of which were printed, are included in the See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article in the Biog . Brit. and among the Thomason Tracts; see also the general See also:

• CATALOGUE (a Fr. adaptation of the Gr. KaraXoyos, a register, from Karalyety, to enrol or pick out)

catalogue in the See also:

• BRITISH

British Museum . The catalogue of his library was published in 1680 . He married See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady See also:

• ANNE (1665-1714)
• ANNE (1693-1740)

Anne See also:

• RUSSELL (FAMILY)
• RUSSELL, ISRAEL COOK (1852- )
• RUSSELL, JOHN (1745-1806)
• RUSSELL, JOHN (d. 1494)
• RUSSELL, JOHN RUSSELL, 1ST EARL (1792-1878)
• RUSSELL, JOHN SCOTT (1808–1882)
• RUSSELL, LORD WILLIAM (1639–1683)
• RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM HOWARD
• RUSSELL, THOMAS (1762-1788)
• RUSSELL, WILLIAM CLARK (1844– )

Russell, daughter of See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis, 4th earl of See also:

• BEDFORD

Bedford, by whom, besides two daughters, he had two sons, Francis, who predeceased him unmarried, and John, who succeeded him as 3rd earl of Bristol, at whose death without issue the peerage became See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct .