See also:

• ALEXANDRE, NOEL (NATALIS ALEXANDER) (1639-1724)

ALEXANDRE See also:

• BRONGNIART, ADOLPHE THEODORE (1801–1876)
• ALEXANDRE BRONGNIART (1770-1847)

BRONGNIART (1770-1847)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French mineralogist and geologist, son of the eminent architect who designed the See also:

• BOURSE (from the Med. Lat. bursa, a purse)

Bourse and other public buildings of See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in that See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city on the 5th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1770 . At an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age he studied See also:

• CHEMISTRY
• CHEMISTRY (formerly "chymistry"; Gr. xvµela; for derivation see ALCHEMY)

chemistry, under See also:

• LAVOISIER, ANTOINE LAURENT (1743-1794)

Lavoisier, and after passing through the Icole See also:

• DES

des Mines he took honours at the Ecole de Medecine; subsequently he joined the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of the See also:

• PYRENEES [Span. Pirineos, Fr. Pyrenees]

Pyrenees as pharmacien; but having committed some slight See also:

• POLITICAL

political offence, he was thrown into See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison and detained there for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . Soon after his See also:

• RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release he was appointed See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of natural See also:

• HISTORY

history in the See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College des Quatre Nations . In 1800 he was made director of the Sevres See also:

• PORCELAIN

porcelain factory, a See also:

• POST

post which he retained to his See also:

• DEATH

death, and in which he achieved his greatest See also:

• WORK

work . In his hands Sevres became the leading porcelain factory in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe, and the researches of an able See also:

• BAND

band of assistants enabled him to See also:

• LAY

lay the See also:

• FOUNDATIONS

foundations of ceramic chemistry . In addition to his work at Sevres, quite enough to engross the entire See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy of any See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man, he continued his more purely scientific work . He succeeded See also:

• HAUY, RENE JUST (1743-1822)

Hauy as professor of See also:

• MINERALOGY

mineralogy in the Museum of Natural History; but he did not confine himself to mineralogy, for it is to him that we owe the See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of See also:

• REPTILES (Lat. Reptilia, creeping things, from reptilis; ref ere, to creep; Gr. Ep7rety, whence the term " herpetology," for the science dealing with them)

Reptiles into the four orders of Saurians, Batrachians, Chelonians and Ophidians . Fossil as well as living animals engaged his See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention, and in his studies of the strata around Paris he was instrumental in establishing the See also:

• TERTIARY

Tertiary formations . In 1816 he was elected to the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy; and in the following See also:

• YEAR

year he visited the See also:

• ALPS

Alps of See also:

• SWITZERLAND

Switzerland and See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, and afterwards See also:

• SWEDEN
• SWEDEN [Sverige]
• SWEDEN, NORWAY AND

Sweden and See also:

• NORWAY
• NORWAY (Norge)

Norway . The result of his observations was published from time to time in the See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal des Mines and other scientific See also:

• JOURNALS

journals . Wide as was the range of his interests his most famous work was accomplished at Sevres, and his most enduring See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument is his classic Traite des arts ceramiques (1844) . He died in Paris on the 7th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1847 .

His other See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• WORKS

works are:—Traite elimentaire de mineralogie, avec des applications aux arts (2 vols., Paris, 1807); Histoire naturelle des crustaces fossiles (Paris, 1822) ; See also:

• CLASSIFICATION (Lat. classis, a class, probably from the root cal-, cla-, as in Gr. icaMce, clamor)

Classification et caracteres mineralogiques des roches homogenes et heterogenes (Paris, 1827) ; the Tableau des terrains qui composent l' ecorce du globe, ou Essai sur.la structure de la partie connue de la terre (Paris, 1829) ; and the Traite des arts ceramiques (1844).•, See also:

• BRONGNIART, ADOLPHE THEODORE (1801–1876)
• BRONGNIART, ALEXANDRE (1770-1847)

Brongniart was also the coadjutor of See also:

• CUVIER, GEORGES LEOPOLD CHRETIEN FREDERIC DAGOBERT, BARON (1769-1832)

Cuvier in the admirable Essai sur la geographic mineralogique des environs de Paris (Paris, 181i); originally published in See also:

• ANN

Ann . See also:

• MUS

Mus . Hist . Nat . (Paris, xi . 18o8) .