See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

ROBERT See also:

• BROWNE
• BROWNE, EDWARD HAROLD (18,1–1891)
• BROWNE, ISAAC HAWKINS (1705-1760)
• BROWNE, JAMES (1793–1841)
• BROWNE, MAXIMILIAN ULYSSES, COUNT VON, BARON DE CAMUS AND MOUNTANY (1705-1757)
• BROWNE, PETER (?1665-1735)
• ROBERT BROWNE (1550-1633)
• BROWNE, SIR JAMES (1839–1896)
• BROWNE, SIR THOMAS (1605-1682)
• BROWNE, WILLIAM (1591–1643)
• BROWNE, WILLIAM GEORGE (1768-1813)

BROWNE (1550-1633)  , a. See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader among the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early Separatist Puritans (hence sometimes called Brownists), was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born about 1550 at Tolethorpe, near See also:

• STAMFORD
• STAMFORD, HENRY GREY

Stamford . He was of an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• FAMILY

family, several members of which had been distinguished as merchants, See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county magnates and See also:

• LOCAL

local benefactors . He was educated at Corpus Christi See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge, " commencing B.A." in 1572 . For some years he was a schoolmaster, but in what See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place is uncertain . In 1579, on a See also:

• BROTHER

brother's application and without his own consent, he was licensed to preach, and actually preached for some six months in Cambridge, where he. gained considerable popularity; but impugning the episcopal See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of the Established See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church, he had his See also:

• LICENCE (through the French from Lat. licentia, licere, to be lawful)

licence revoked early in the following See also:

• YEAR

year . He then went, on the invitation of See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• HARRISON
• HARRISON, BENJAMIN
• HARRISON, FREDERIC (1831— )
• HARRISON, JOHN (1693—1776)
• HARRISON, THOMAS (16o6-166o)
• HARRISON, THOMAS ALEXANDER (1853– )
• HARRISON, WILLIAM (1534–1593)
• HARRISON, WILLIAM HENRY (1773–1841)

Harrison, " Maister in the Hospitall," to See also:

• NORWICH
• NORWICH, GEORGE GORING, EARL OF (1583?-1663)

Norwich, where he soon gathered a numerous See also:

• CONGREGATION (Lat. congregatio, a gathering together, from cum, with, grex, gregis, a flock, herd)

congregation, the members of which became associated in a religious " See also:

• COVENANT
• COVENANT (an O. Fr. form, later convenant, from convenir, to agree, Lat. convenire)

covenant," to the refusing of " all ungodlie communion with wicked persons." He seems also to have preached in various parts of See also:

• NORFOLK
• NORFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Norfolk and See also:

• SUFFOLK
• SUFFOLK, CHARLES BRANDON, 1ST DUKE OF (c. 1484–'545)
• SUFFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• SUFFOLK, THOMAS HOWARD, 1ST EARL OF (1561-1626)
• SUFFOLK, WILLIAM DE LA POLE

Suffolk, especially at See also:

• BURY
• BURY, JOHN BAGNELL (1861- )

Bury St . See also:

• EDMUNDS, GEORGE FRANKLIN (1828– )

Edmunds, and vigorously denounced the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government existing in the Church, which at this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he held incompatible with true ." See also:

• PREACHING (Fr. preecher, from Lat. praedicare, to proclaim)

preaching of the word." Dr Freake, See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of Norwich, caused him to be imprisoned early in 1581, but he was ere See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long released through the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of his remote kinsman, the See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord Treasurer See also:

• BURGHLEY, WILLIAM CECIL, BARON (1521-1598)

Burghley . Before the end of 1581, however, he incurred two more imprisonments,. and, apparently in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1582, migrated with his whole See also:

• COMPANY

company to See also:

• MIDDELBURG

Middelburg in See also:

• ZEALAND (also SEALAND Or SEELAND; Danish Sjaelland)

Zealand . There they organized a church on what they conceived to be the New Testament See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model, but the community See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke up within two years owing to See also:

• INTERNAL

internal dissensions . Meanwhile, See also:

• BROWNE
• BROWNE, EDWARD HAROLD (18,1–1891)
• BROWNE, ISAAC HAWKINS (1705-1760)
• BROWNE, JAMES (1793–1841)
• BROWNE, MAXIMILIAN ULYSSES, COUNT VON, BARON DE CAMUS AND MOUNTANY (1705-1757)
• BROWNE, PETER (?1665-1735)
• BROWNE, ROBERT (1550-1633)
• BROWNE, SIR JAMES (1839–1896)
• BROWNE, SIR THOMAS (1605-1682)
• BROWNE, WILLIAM (1591–1643)
• BROWNE, WILLIAM GEORGE (1768-1813)

Browne issued two most important See also:

• WORKS

works, A See also:

• TREATISE

Treatise of See also:

• REFORMATION
• REFORMATION, THE

Reformation without Tarying for Anie, in which he asserts the inalienable right of the church to effect necessary reforms without the authorization or permission of the See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• MAGISTRATE (Lat. magistratus, from magister, master, properly a public office, hence the person holding such an office)

magistrate; and A Booke which sheweth the See also:

• LIFE

life and See also:

• MANNERS, CHARLES (1857– )

manners of all True Christians, in which he enunciates the theory of Congregational independency (see See also:

• CONGREGATIONALISM

CONGREGATIONALISM) . These, with a third See also:

• TRACT (from Lat. tractare, to treat of a matter, through Provencal tractat and Ital. trattato)

tract (A Treatise upon the 23. of See also:

• MATTHEW, GOSPEL OF ST
• MATTHEW, ST (MaOOaior or MarOaIos, probably a shortened form of the Hebrew equivalent to Theodorus)
• MATTHEW, TOBIAS

Matthew; see C . Burrage, as below, pp .

21-25), making together a thin See also:

• QUARTO

quarto, were published at Middelburg in 1582 . The following year two men were hanged at Bury St Edmunds for circulating them . In January 15841 Browne and some of his company came to See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh, after visiting See also:

• DUNDEE
• DUNDEE, JOHN GRAHAM OF CLAVERHOUSE, VISCOUNT (c. 1649-1689)

Dundee and St See also:

• ANDREWS, JAMES PETTIT (c. 1737–1797)
• ANDREWS, THOMAS (1813–1885)

Andrews . He remained some months in See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, endeavouring to commend his ecclesiastical theories, but had no success . He then returned to Stamford, in which See also:

• TOWN

town or neighbourhood he seems to have resided chiefly for the next two years, his See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence being broken by visits to See also:

• LONDON

London and probably to the See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent (early in 1585), and by at least one imprisonment (summer, 1585) . His attitude to the lawfulness of occasional attendance at services in See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish churches seems to have been changing about this time; on the 1 Probably after See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing A True and See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

Short See also:

• DECLARATION (from Lat. declarare, to make fully clear, clams)

Declaration, the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main source of our knowledge of his life hitherto 7th of Oct9ber 1585 he was induced to make a qualified submission to the established order . The See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story that this result was brought about by See also:

• EXCOMMUNICATION (Lat. ex, out of, away from; communis, common)

excommunication, actual or threatened, is very doubtful, and rests on See also:

• LATE

late and questionable authority . A further submission prepared the way for his See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment, in See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1586, to the mastership of St Olave's See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

grammar school, See also:

• SOUTHWARK

Southwark, which he held for more than two years . During See also:

• PART

part of this time he was much engaged in controversy, on the one `See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand with See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen Bredwell, an uncompromising See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate of the established order, and on the other with some of those who more or less occupied his own earlier position, and now looked upon him as a renegade . In particular he several times replied to See also:

• BARROWE, HENRY (? 1550-1593)

Barrowe and See also:

• GREENWOOD, FREDERICK (1830-19o9)
• GREENWOOD, JOHN (d. 1593)

Greenwood; one of his replies, entitled A Reproofe of certaine schismatical persons and their See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine touching the See also:

• HEARING (formed from the verb " to hear," O. Eng. hyran, heron, &c., a common Teutonic verb; cf. Ger. Koren, Dutch hooren, &c.; the O. Tent. form is seen in Goth. hausjan; the initial h makes any connexion with " ear," Lat. audire, or Gr. &Kobew very doub

hearing and preaching of the word of See also:

• GOD

God (1587-1588), has recently been recovered, and sheds a See also:

• FLOOD (in O. Eng. flod, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Flut, Dutch vloed, from the same root as is seen in " flow," " float ")
• FLOOD, HENRY (1732-1791)

flood of See also:

• LIGHT

light upon the development of Browne's later views (see Burrage, pp . 45-62, for this whole See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period) . Before the 2oth of See also:

• JUNE

June 1589 his mastership of St Olave's seems to have terminated, and after being See also:

• RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector of Little Casterton (in the See also:

• GIFT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. die Gift, gift, das Gift, poison, formed from the Teut. stem gab-, to give, cf. Dutch geven, Ger. geben; in O. Eng. the word appears with initial y, the guttural of later English is due to Scandinavian influence)

gift of his eldest brother) for a See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month or two, he finally, in See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1591, accepted episcopal ordination and the rectory of Achurch-cum-See also:

• THORPE [or TnoRP], JOHN (/l. 1570-1618)
• THORPE, BENJAMIN (1782-1870)

Thorpe See also:

• WATERVILLE

Waterville, in See also:

• NORTHAMPTONSHIRE

Northamptonshire .

There he ministered for See also:

• FORTY

forty-two years, with one lengthy See also:

• INTERVAL

interval, 1617-1626, which is only partly accounted for (see Burrage, pp . 68-71) . There is See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason to believe that he never entirely abandoned his early ideal, but latterly thought it possible to maintain a spiritual fellowship within the See also:

• FRAME

frame-See also:

• WORK

work of the Established Church . The closing years of his life seem to have been clouded, due partly to separation among his own See also:

• FLOCK

flock, and partly to growing irritability in himself, a lonely and disappointed See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man . When over eighty years old he had a dispute with the parish See also:

• CONSTABLE (0. Fr. connestable, Fr. connetable, Med. Lat. comestabilis, conestabilis, constabularius, from the Lat. comes stabuli, count of the stable)
• CONSTABLE, ARCHIBALD (1774-1827)
• CONSTABLE, HENRY (1562-1613)
• CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-1837)
• CONSTABLE, SIR MARMADUKE (c. 1455-1518)

constable about a See also:

• RATE

rate, blows were struck, and before a magistrate he behaved so stubbornly that he was sent to See also:

• NORTHAMPTON
• NORTHAMPTON, ASSIZE OF
• NORTHAMPTON, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Northampton See also:

• GAOL, or JAIL

gaol, where he died in See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1633 . He was buried in St See also:

• GILES (GIL, GILLES), ST

Giles's See also:

• CHURCHYARD
• CHURCHYARD, THOMAS (c. 152o-16o4)

churchyard, Northampton . In spite of his later attitude of See also:

• COMPROMISE (pronounced compromize; through Fr. from Lat. compromittere)

compromise with expediency, which he See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt forced on him by See also:

• EXTERNAL

external conditions too strong to defy or ignore, Robert Browne remains a See also:

• PIONEER

pioneer in ecclesiastical theory in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, the first formulator of an ideal which subsequently became known as Congregationalism (q.v.) . He rediscovered certain forgotten aspects of See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive church life, and did not shrink from suffering for the See also:

• SAKE

sake of what he held to be the truth . In addition to the works above-mentioned, Browne wrote several controversial and apologetic See also:

• TREATISES

treatises, of which some remained in MS. until quite recently, and some are still missing . See H . M . See also:

• DEXTER, HENRY MARTYN (1821—1890)
• DEXTER, TIMOTHY (1747—1806)

Dexter, The Congregationalism of the Last Three See also:

• HUNDRED

Hundred Years (188o) ; C .