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GEORGE BROWN (1818-188o)

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 659 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GEORGE See also:BROWN (1818-188o)  , See also:Canadian journalist and statesman, was See also:born in See also:Edinburgh on the 29th of See also:November 1818, and was educated in his native See also:city . With his See also:father, See also:Peter See also:Brown (d . 1863), he emigrated to New See also:York in 1838; and in 1843 they removed to See also:Toronto, and began the publication of The Banner, a politico-religious See also:paper in support of the newly formed See also:Free See also:Church of See also:Scotland . In 1844 he began, independently of his father, the issue of the Toronto Globe . This paper, at first weekly, became in 1853 a daily, and through the ability and See also:energy of Brown, came to possess an almost tyrannical See also:influence over the See also:political See also:opinion of See also:Ontario . In 1851 he entered the Canadian See also:parliament as member for See also:Kent See also:county . Though giving at first a modified support to the Reform See also:government, he soon See also:broke with it and became See also:leader of the See also:Radical or " Clear Grit " party . His attacks upon the See also:Roman See also:Catholic church and on the supposed domination in parliament of the See also:French Canadian See also:section made him very unpopular in See also:Lower See also:Canada, but in Upper Canada his See also:power was See also:great . Largely owing to his attacks, the See also:Clergy Reserves were secularized in 1854 . He championed the See also:complete laicization of the See also:schools in Ontario, but unsuccessfully, the Roman Catholic church maintaining its right to See also:separate schools . He also fought for the See also:representation by See also:population of the two provinces in parliament, the See also:Act of See also:Union (1841) having granted an equal number of representatives to each . This principle of "See also:Rep. by Pop." was conceded by the See also:British See also:North See also:America Act (1867) .

In 1858 Brown became premier of "The See also:

Short See also:Administration," which was defeated and compelled to resign after an existence of two days . He was one of the earliest See also:advocates of a federation of the British colonies in North America, and in 1864, to accomplish this end, entered into a See also:coalition with his See also:bitter See also:personal and political opponent, Mr (afterwards See also:Sir) See also:John A . See also:Macdonald . Largely owing to Brown's efforts, Federation was carried through the See also:House, but on the 21st of See also:December 1865 he resigned from the Coalition government, though continuing to support its Federation policy, and in 1867 he was defeated in See also:South Ontario and never again sat in the House . In great measure owing to his energy, and in spite of much concealed opposition from the French-Canadians, the North-See also:West Territories were See also:purchased by the new Dominion . In December 1873 he was called to the Canadian See also:senate, and in 1874 was appointed by the imperial government See also:joint plenipotentiary with Sir See also:Edward See also:Thornton to negotiate a See also:reciprocity treat,- between Canada and the See also:United States . The negotiations were successful, but the draft treaty failed to pass the United States Senate . Soon afterwards Brown refused the See also:lieutenant-governorship of Ontario, and on two subsequent occasions the offer of See also:knighthood, devoting himself to the Globe and to a See also:model See also:farm at See also:Bow See also:Park near See also:Brantford . On the 25th of See also:March 188o he was shot by a discharged employe, and died on the gth of May . His candour, See also:enthusiasm and open tolerance of the opinions of others made him many warm See also:friends and many fierce enemies . He was at his best in his generous protests against all privneges, social, political and religious, and in the self-sacrificing patriot-ism which enabled him to fling aside his personal prejudices, and so to make Federation possible . See J .

C . Dent, Canadian Portrait See also:

Gallery (Toronto, Moo) . The See also:official See also:Life, by the Hon . See also:Alexander See also:Mackenzie, is decidedly See also:partisan . A life by John See also:Lewis is included in the Makers of Canada See also:series (Toronto) . (W . L .

End of Article: GEORGE BROWN (1818-188o)
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