See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

THOMAS See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• THOMAS BROWN (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

BROWN (1778-1820)  , Scottish philosopher, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Kirkmabreck, See also:

• KIRKCUDBRIGHT (pron. Ker-k4-bri)

Kirkcudbright, where his See also:

• FATHER

father was See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish clergyman . He was a boy of a refined nature, a wide reader and an eager student . Educated at several See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools in See also:

• LONDON

London, he went to See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh University in 1792, where he attended Dugald See also:

• STEWART, ALEXANDER TURNEY (1803-1876)
• STEWART, BALFOUR (1828-1887)
• STEWART, CHARLES (1778–1869)
• STEWART, DUGALD (1753-1828)
• STEWART, J
• STEWART, JOHN (1749—1822)
• STEWART, JULIUS L
• STEWART, SIR DONALD MARTIN (1824–19o0)
• STEWART, SIR HERBERT (1843—1885)
• STEWART, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1540—c. 1605)
• STEWART, STUART
• STEWART, WILLIAM (c. 1480-c. 1550)

Stewart's moral See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy class . His attendance was desultory, and he does not appear to have completed his arts course . After studying See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he took up See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine; his See also:

• GRADUATION (see also GRADUATE)

graduation thesis De Somno was well received . But his See also:

• GREAT

great strength See also:

• LAY

lay in metaphysical See also:

• ANALYSIS (Gr. avci and Meta, to break up into parts)

analysis, as was shown in his See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer to the objections raised against the See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• LESLIE
• LESLIE, CHARLES (1650-1722)
• LESLIE, CHARLES ROBERT (1794–1859)
• LESLIE, FRED [FREDERICK HOBSON] (1855–1892)
• LESLIE, SIR JOHN (1766-1832)
• LESLIE, THOMAS EDWARD CLIFFE (1827-1882)

Leslie to the mathematical professorship (18o5) . Leslie, a follower of See also:

• HUME, ALEXANDER (c. 1557-1609)
• HUME, DAVID (1711-1776)
• HUME, JOSEPH (1777-1855)

Hume, was attacked by the clerical party as a sceptic and an infidel, and See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

Brown took the opportunity to defend Hume's See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine of causality as in no way inimical to See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion . His See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence, at first only a pamphlet, became in its third edition a lengthy See also:

• TREATISE

treatise entitled Inquiry into the Relation of Cause and Effect, and is a See also:

• FINE

fine specimen of Brown's See also:

• ANALYTICAL

analytical See also:

• FACULTY (through the French, from the Lat. facultas, ability to do anything, from facilis, easy, facere, to do; another form of the word in Lat. facilitas, facility, ease, keeps the original meaning)

faculty . In 18o6 he became a medical practitioner in partner-See also:

• SHIP

ship with See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory, but, though successful in his profession, preferred literature and philosophy . After twice failing in the See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to gain a professorship in the university, he was invited, during an illness of Dugald Stewart in the session of 1808-1809, to See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act as his substitute, and during the following session he undertook a great See also:

• PART

part of Stewart's See also:

• WORK

work . The students received him with See also:

• ENTHUSIASM

enthusiasm, due partly to his splendid See also:

• RHETORIC (Gr. psroperctj TEXvq, the art of the orator)

rhetoric and partly to the novelty and ingenuity of his views . In 1810 he was appointed as colleague to Stewart, a position which he held for the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of his See also:

• LIFE

life .

He wrote his lectures at high pressure, and devoted much time to the editing and publication of the numerous poems which he had written at various times during his life . He was also engaged in preparing an abstract of his lectures as a handbook for his class . His See also:

• HEALTH

health, never strong, gave way under the See also:

• STRAIN (through O. Fr. straindre, estraindre, mod. i treindre, from Lat. stringere, to draw tight, related to stress, stretch, string, &c.)

strain of his work . He was advised to take a voyage to London, where he died on the 2nd of See also:

• APRIL

April 182o . His friend and biographer, See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David Welsh (1793-1845), super-intended the publication of his See also:

• TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text-See also:

• BOOK

book, the See also:

• PHYSIOLOGY (from Gr. 4 i s, nature, and koyos, discourse)

Physiology of the Human Mind, and his Lectures on the Philosophy of the Human Mind was published by his successors, John Stewart and the Rev . E . Milroy . The latter was received with great enthusiasm both in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England (where it reached its 19th edition) and in See also:

• AMERICA

America; but See also:

• RECENT

recent See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism has lessened its popularity and it is now almost forgotten . Brown's philosophy occupies an intermediate See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place between the earlier Scottish school and the later analytical or associational See also:

• PSYCHOLOGY
• PSYCHOLOGY (>Guxrl, the mind or soul, and X yos, theory)

psychology . To the latter Brown really belonged, but he had preserved certain doctrines of the older school which were out of See also:

• HARMONY (Gr. dpµovia, a concord of musical sounds, dpA'ew to join; &plan midi (sc. TeXvil)

harmony with his fundamental view . He still retained a small quantum of intuitive beliefs, and did not appear to see that the very existence of these could not be explained by his theory of See also:

• MENTAL

mental See also:

• ACTION

action . This intermediate or wavering position accounts for the See also:

• COMPARATIVE

comparative neglect into which his See also:

• WORKS

works have now fallen .

They did much to excite thinking, and advanced many problems by more than one step, but they did not furnish a coherent See also:

• SYSTEM

system, and the doctrines which were then new have since been worked out with greater consistency and clearness . Brown wrote a criticism of See also:

• DARWIN, CHARLES ROBERT (1809-1882)
• DARWIN, ERASMUS (1731-1802)

Darwin's Zoonomia (1798), and was one of the first contributors to the Edinburgh See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review, in the second number of which he published a criticism of the Kantian philosophy, based entirely on Villers's See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of it . Among his poems, which are modelled on See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope and See also:

• AKENSIDE, MARK (1721-1770)

Akenside and rather See also:

• COMMONPLACE

commonplace, may be mentioned: See also:

• PARADISE (Gr. lrap6BEwos)

Paradise of Coquettes (1814); Wanderer in See also:

• NORWAY
• NORWAY (Norge)

Norway (1815) ; Warfiend (1816) ; See also:

• BOWER, WALTER (1385-1449)

Bower of See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

Spring (1817); See also:

• AGNES, SAINT

Agnes (1818); Emily (1819); a collected edition in 4 vols. appeared in 1820 . For a severe criticism of Brown's philosophy, see Sir W . See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton's Discussions and Lectures on See also:

• METAPHYSICS
• METAPHYSICS, or METAPHYSIC (from Gr. /sera, after, d v med, things of nature, lots, i.e. the natural universe)

Metaphysics; and for a high estimate of his merits, see J . S . See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

Mill's Examination of Hamilton . Sec also D . Welsh's Account of the Life and Writings, &c . (1825); M'Cosh's Scottish Philosophy, pp . 317-337 . The only See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German writer who seems to have known anything of Brown is See also:

• BENEKE, FRIEDRICH EDUARD (1798-1854)

Beneke, who found in him anticipations of some of his own doctrines .

.See See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die neue Psychologie, pp . 320-330 .