See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

COUNT VON HEINRICH See also:

• BRUHL
• COUNT VON HEINRICH BRUHL (1700-1763)

BRUHL (1700-1763)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German states-See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man at the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• SAXONY
• SAXONY (Ger. Provinz Sachsen)

Saxony, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 13th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1700 . He was the son of Johann See also:

• MORITZ, KARL PHILIPP (1757-1793)

Moritz von See also:

• BRUHL
• BRUHL, HEINRICH, COUNT VON (1700-1763)

Bruhl, a See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble who held the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of Oberhofmarschall at the small court of Sachsen-See also:

• WEISSENFELS

Weissenfels . The See also:

• FATHER

father was ruined and compelled to See also:

• PART

part with his See also:

• FAMILY

family See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate, which passed into the hands of the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince . The son was first placed as See also:

• PAGE
• PAGE, THOMAS NELSON (1853- )
• PAGE, WILLIAM (1811-1885)

page with the See also:

• DOWAGER (from the Old Fr. douagiere, mod. douairiere)

dowager duchess of Weissenfels, and was then received at her recommendation into the court of the elector of Saxony as Silberpage on the 16th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1719 . He rapidly acquired the favour of the elector See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus, surnamed the Strong, who had been elected to the See also:

• THRONE

throne of See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland in 1697 . Bruhl, who began as page and See also:

• CHAMBERLAIN (0. Fr. chamberlain, chamberlenc, Mod. Fr. chambellan, from O. H. Ger. Chamarling, Chamarlinc, whence also the Med. Lat. cambellanus, camerlingus, camerlengus; Ital. camerlingo; Span. camerlengo, compounded of 0. H. Ger. Chamara, Kamara [Lat.
• CHAMBERLAIN, JOSEPH (1836— )
• CHAMBERLAIN, JOSHUA LAWRENCE (1828– )
• CHAMBERLAIN, SIR NEVILLE BOWLES (1820-1902)

chamberlain, was largely employed in procuring See also:

• MONEY

money for his profuse See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master . He made himself useful in muzzling the Saxon states and was successively See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• RECEIVER

receiver of taxes and See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister for the interior in 1731 . He was at See also:

• WARSAW
• WARSAW (Polish Warszawa, Ger. Warschau, Fr. Varsovie)

Warsaw when his masterdied in 1733, and he secured a hold on the confidence of the electoral prince, Frederick Augustus, who was at See also:

• DRESDEN

Dresden, by laying hands on the papers and jewels of the See also:

• LATE

late ruler and bringing them promptly to his successor . During the whole of the See also:

• THIRTY

thirty years of the reign of Frederick Augustus II. he was the real inspirer of his master and the See also:

• PRACTICAL

practical chief of the Saxon court . He had for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to put up with the presence of old servants of the electoral See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, but after 1738 he was in effect See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole minister . The See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• PRIME, PRIMER AND PRIMING

prime minister was created for him in 1946, but he was not only a prime minister—he filled all the offices . His titles spread over several lines of See also:

• PRINT

print, and he See also:

• DREW
• DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

drew the combined pay of the places besides securing huge grants of See also:

• LAND

land .

Bruhl must therefore be held wholly responsible for the ruinous policy which destroyed the position of Saxony in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany between 1733 and 1763; for the mistaken ambition which led Frederick Augustus II. to become a See also:

• CANDIDATE

candidate for the throne of Poland; for the engagements into which he entered in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to secure the support of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles VI.; for the shameless and See also:

• ILL

ill-timed tergiversations of Saxony during the See also:

• WARS

wars of the See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

Succession; for the intrigues which entangled the electorate in the See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance against Frederick the See also:

• GREAT

Great, which led to the Seven Years' See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War; and for the See also:

• WASTE (O. Fr. wast, guast, gast, gaste; Lat. vastus, vast, desolate)

waste and want of fore-sight which See also:

• LEFT

left the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country utterly unprepared to resist the attack of the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• PRUSSIA
• PRUSSIA (Ger. Preussen; Lat. Borussia)

Prussia . He was not only without See also:

• POLITICAL

political or military capacity, but was so garrulous that he could not keep a See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret . His indiscretion was repeatedly responsible for the king of Prussia's discoveries of the plans laid against him . Nothing could shake the confidence of his master, which survived the ignominious See also:

• FLIGHT

flight into Bohemia, into which he was trapped by Bruhl at the time of the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of Kesseldorf, and all the miseries of the Seven Years' War . The favourite abused the confidence of his master shamelessly . Not content with the 67,000 talers a See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month which he drew as See also:

• SALARY

salary for his innumerable offices, he was found when an inquiry was held in the next reign to have abstracted more than five million talers of public money for his private use . He left the See also:

• WORK

work of the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government offices to be done by his lackeys, whom he did not even supervise . His profusion was boundless . Twelve tailors, it is said, were continually employed in making clothes for him, and he wore a new suit every See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day . His library of 70,000 volumes was one of his forms of ostentation, and so was his See also:

• GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

gallery of pictures . He died on the 28th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1763, having survived his master only for a few See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks . The new elector, Frederick See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian, dismissed him from office and caused an inquiry to be held into his See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration .

His See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune was found to amount to a million and a See also:

• HALF

half of talers, and was sequestered but afterwards restored to his family . In 1736 he had been made a See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of the See also:

• EMPIRE

Empire and had married the countess Franziska von Kolowrat-Kradowska, a favourite of the wife of Frederick Augustus . Four sons and a daughter survived him . His youngest son, Hans Moritz von Bruhl (d . 1811), was before the Revolution of 1789 a See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel in the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French service, and afterwards See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general inspector of roads in See also:

• BRANDENBURG

Brandenburg and See also:

• POMERANIA (German, Pommern)

Pomerania . By his wife Margarethe Schleierweber, the daughter of a French See also:

• CORPORAL

corporal, but renowned for her beauty and intellectual gifts, he was the father of Karl See also:

• FRIEDRICH, JOHANN (1836— )

Friedrich Moritz See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul von Bruhl (1772-1837), the friend of See also:

• GOETHE, JOHANN WOLFGANG VON (1749-1832)

Goethe, who as See also:

• INTENDANT (from Lat. intendens, pres. part. of intendere, to apply the mind to, to watch over; cf. " superintendent ")

intendant-general of the Prussian royal theatres was of some importance in the See also:

• HISTORY

history of the development of the See also:

• DRAMA (literally "action," from Gr. Snail, act or do)

drama in Germany . In 1830 he was appointed intendant-general of the royal museums . See J . G . H. von Justi, Leben and Charakter See also:

• DES

des Grafen von Brit/it (See also:

• GOTTINGEN

Gottingen, 1760-1761) .