See also:

• FRANZ, ROBERT (1815-1892)

FRANZ See also:

• FRIEDRICH, JOHANN (1836— )

FRIEDRICH See also:

• ERNST, HEINRICH WILHELM (1814–1865)

ERNST See also:

• FRANZ FRIEDRICH ERNST BRUNNOW (1821-1891)

BRUNNOW (1821-1891)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German astronomer, *as See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin on the 18th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1821 . Between the ages of eight and eighteen he attended the See also:

• FRIEDRICH, JOHANN (1836— )

Friedrich-Wilhelm gymnasium . In 1839 he entered the university of Berlin, where he studied See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics, See also:

• ASTRONOMY (from Gr. &arpov, a star, and v ,usiv, to classify or arrange)

astronomy and physics, as well as See also:

• CHEMISTRY
• CHEMISTRY (formerly "chymistry"; Gr. xvµela; for derivation see ALCHEMY)

chemistry, See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy and See also:

• PHILOLOGY

philology . After graduating as Ph.D. in 1843, he took an active See also:

• PART

part in685 astronomical See also:

• WORK

work at the Berlin See also:

• OBSERVATORY

observatory, under the direction of J . F . See also:

• ENCKE, JOHANN FRANZ (1791–1865)

Encke, contributing numerous important papers on the orbits of comets and See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor See also:

• PLANETS, MINOR

planets to the Astronomische Nachrichten . In 1847 he was appointed director of the Bilk observatory, near See also:

• DUSSELDORF

Dusseldorf, and in the following See also:

• YEAR

year published the well-known Memoire sur la comete elliptique de De See also:

• VICO, GIOVANNI BATTISTA (1668-1744)

Vico, for which he received the See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold See also:

• MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

medal of the See also:

• AMSTERDAM
• AMSTERDAM (NEw AMSTERDAM)

Amsterdam See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy . In 1851 he succeeded J . G . See also:

• GALLE, or POINT DE GALLE

Galle as first assistant at the Berlin observatory, and accepted in 1854 the See also:

• POST

post of director of the new observatory at See also:

• ANN

Ann Arbor, See also:

• MICHIGAN
• MICHIGAN, LAKE
• MICHIGAN, UNIVERSITY OF

Michigan, U.S.A . Here he published, 1858–1862, a See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

journal entitled Astronomical Notices, while his tables of the minor planets See also:

• FLORA

Flora, See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria and See also:

• IRIS

Iris were severally issued in 1857, 1859 and 1869 . In 186o he went, as See also:

• ASSOCIATE (Lat. associates, from ad, to, and sociare to join)

associate director of the observatory, to See also:

• ALBANY
• ALBANY, DUKES OF
• ALBANY, LOUISE MAXIMILIENNE CAROLINE, COUNTESS OF (1752-1824)

Albany, N .

Y.; but returned in 1861 to Michigan, and threw himself with vigour into the work of studying the astronomical and See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical constants of the observatory and its See also:

• INSTRUMENTS

instruments . In 1863 he resigned its direction and returned to See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany; then, on the See also:

• DEATH

death of See also:

• SIR

Sir W . R . See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton in 1865, he accepted the post of See also:

• ANDREWS, JAMES PETTIT (c. 1737–1797)
• ANDREWS, THOMAS (1813–1885)

Andrews See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of astronomy in the university of See also:

• DUBLIN

Dublin and astronomer-royal of See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland . His first undertaking at the Dublin observatory was the erection of an See also:

• EQUATORIAL

equatorial See also:

• TELESCOPE

telescope to carry the See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• OBJECT

object-See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass presented to the university by Sir See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South; and on its completion he began an import-See also:

• ANT
• ANT (O. Eng. aemete, from Teutonic a, privative, and maitan, cut or bite off, i.e. " the biter off "; aemete in Middle English became differentiated in dialect use to (mete, then amte, and so ant, and also to emete, whence the synonym " emmet," now only u

ant See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of researches on stellar See also:

• PARALLAX (Gr. aapa?X6, alternately)

parallax . The first, second and third parts of the Astronomical Observations and Researches made at Dunsink contain the results of these labours, and include discussions of the distances of the stars a Lyrae, v Draconis, Groombridge 183o, 85 Pegasi, and See also:

• BRADLEY, GEORGE GRANVILLE (1821–1903)
• BRADLEY, JAMES (1693–1762)

Bradley 3077, and of the planetary nebula H. iv . 37 . In 1873 the observatory, on Dr See also:

• BRUNNOW, FRANZ FRIEDRICH ERNST (1821-1891)

Brunnow's recommendation, was provided with a first-class transit-circle, which he proceeded to test as a preliminary to commencing an extended See also:

• PROGRAMME, or PROGRAM

programme of work with it, but in the following year, in consequence of failing See also:

• HEALTH

health and eyesight, he resigned the post and retired to See also:

• BASEL (Fr. Bale)
• BASEL (Fr. Belle, but Basle is a wholly erroneous form; Ital. Basilea)
• BASEL, CONFESSION OF
• BASEL, COUNCIL OF

Basel . In 188o he removed to See also:

• VEVEY [German Vivis]

Vevey, and in 1889 to See also:

• HEIDELBERG

Heidelberg, where he died on the zoth of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1891 . The permanence of his reputation was secured by the merits of his Lehrbuch der spharischen Astronomic, which were at once and widely appreciated . In 186o part i. was translated into See also:

• ENGLISH

English by See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

Main, the See also:

• RADCLIFFE
• RADCLIFFE, ANN (1764-1823)
• RADCLIFFE, JOHN (1650-1714)
• RADCLIFFE, SIR GEORGE (1593-1657)

Radcliffe observer at See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford; Brunnow himself published an English version in 1865; it reached in the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original a 5th edition in 1881, and was also translated into See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French, See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian, See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian and See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish . See See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

Month .

Notices See also:

• ROY, WILLIAM (1726-1790)

Roy . See also:

• ASTI (anc. Hasta)

Asti . Society, lii . 23o; J . C . See also:

• POGGENDORFF, JOHANN CHRISTIAN (1796-1877)

Poggendorff's Biog . Lit . Handworterbuch, Bd. iii . ; Nature, xliv . 449 .