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BRUSA, or BROUSSA (anc. Prusa)

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 691 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BRUSA, or BROUSSA (anc. Prusa)  , the capital of the Brusa (Khudavendikiar) vilayet of
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Asia Minor, which includes parts of ancient
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Mysia, Bithynia, and
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Phrygia, and extends in a south-easterly direction from Mudania, on the Sea of Marmora, to Afium-Kara-
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Hissar on the Smyrna-
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Konia railway . The vilayet is one of the most important in
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Asiatic
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Turkey, has
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great
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mineral and agricultural
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wealth, many mineral springs, large forests, and valuable
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industries . It exports cereals,
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silk, cotton, opium,
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tobacco, olive-oil,
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meerschaum,
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boracite, &c . The Ismid-Angora and Eskishehr-Konia
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railways pass through the province . Population of the province„ 1,600,000 (Moslems, 1,280,000; Christians, 317,000; Jews, 3000) . The city stretches along the
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lower slopes of the Mysian
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Olympus or Kechish Dagh, occupying a position above the valley of the Nilufer (Odrysses) not unlike that of Great
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Malvern above the vale of the Severn . It is divided by ravines into three quarters, and in the centre, on a bold terrace of rock, stood the ancient Prusa . The
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modern
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town has clean streets and good roads made by Ahmed Vefyk
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Pasha when Vali, and it contains mosques and tombs of great historic and architectural
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interest; the more important are those of the sultans Murad I., Bayezid (Bajazet) I., Mahommed I., and Murad II., 1403-1451, and the Ulu Jami' . The mosques show traces of
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Byzantine, Persian and Arab influence in their plan, architecture and decorative details . The circular church of.St Elias, in which the first two sultans, Osman and Orkhan, were buried, was destroyed by fire and
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earthquake, and rebuilt by Ahmed Vefyk Pasha . There are in the town an
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American
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mission and school,and a
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British orphanage . Silk-spinning is an important industry, the export of silk in 1902 being valued at £620,000 .

There are also manufactories of silk stuffs, towels, bumf's, carpets,

felt prayer-carpets embroidered in silk and gold . The hot iron and
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sulphur springs near Brusa, varying in temperature from 112° to 178° F., are still much used . The town is connected with its
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port, Mudania, by a railway and a road . There is a British
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vice-consul . Pop . 75,000 (Moslems, 40,000; Christians, 33,000; Jews, 2000) . Prusa, founded, it is said, at the
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suggestion of Hannibal, was for a long time the seat of the Bithynian kings . It continued to flourish under the
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Roman and Byzantine emperors till the loth century, when it was captured and destroyed by Saif-addaula of Aleppo . Restored by the Byzantines, it was again taken in 1327 by the Ottomans after a siege of ten years, and continued to be their capital till Murad I. removed to Adrianople . In 1402 it was pillaged by the Tatars; in 1413 it resisted an attack of the Karamanians; in 1512 it fell into the power of
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Ala ed-Din; and in 1607 it was burnt by the rebellious Kalenderogli . In 1883 it was occupied by the Egyptians under
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Ibrahim Pasha, and from 1852–1855 afforded an asylum to Abd-el-Kader . See L.-de Laborde, Voyage de l'Asie Mineure (Paris, 1838) ; C .

Texier, Asie Mineure (Paris, 1839) .

End of Article: BRUSA, or BROUSSA (anc. Prusa)
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