BUCKINGHAM  , a See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market See also:

• TOWN

town and municipal See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

borough and the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county town of See also:

• BUCKINGHAMSHIRE (abbreviated Bucks)
• BUCKINGHAMSHIRE, EARLS OF

Buckinghamshire, See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, in the Bucking-See also:

• HAM

ham See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division, 61 m . N.W. of See also:

• LONDON

London by a See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the London & See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North-Western railway . Pop . (1901) 3152 . It lies in an open valley on the upper See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• RIVER

river See also:

• OUSE

Ouse, which encircles the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main portion of the town on three sides . The See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter and St See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul, which was extensively, restored by See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• GILBERT
• GILBERT (KINGSMILL) ISLANDS
• GILBERT (or GYLBERDE), WILLIAM (1544-1603)
• GILBERT, ALFRED (1854– )
• GILBERT, ANN (1821-1904)
• GILBERT, GROVE KARL (1843– )
• GILBERT, J
• GILBERT, JOHN (1810-1889)
• GILBERT, MARIE DOLORES ELIZA ROSANNA [" LOLA MONTEZ "] (1818-1861)
• GILBERT, NICOLAS JOSEPH LAURENT (1751–1780)
• GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY (c. 1539-1583)
• GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY (1817-1901)
• GILBERT, SIR WILLIAM SCHWENK (1836– )

Gilbert See also:

• SCOTT, ALEXANDER (fl. 1550)
• SCOTT, DAVID (18o6-1849)
• SCOTT, MICHAEL (1789-1835)
• SCOTT, ROBERT (1811-1887)
• SCOTT, SIR GEORGE GILBERT (1811-1878)
• SCOTT, SIR WALTER, BART
• SCOTT, WILLIAM BELL (1811-1890)
• SCOTT, WINFIELD (1786-1866)

Scott, a native of this neighbourhood, is of the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and stands on the site of the old See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle; the town See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall See also:

• DATES

dates from the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of the previous century; and the See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

grammar school was founded by See also:

• EDWARD

Edward VI., in part occupying buildings of earlier date, which retain Perpendicular and Decorated windows, and a See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman See also:

• DOOR (corresponding to the Gr. Bbpa,. Lat. fores or valvae; the English word, with other forms common in allied languages, comes from the same Indo-European stem as the Gr. Obpa and Lat. fares)

door . A See also:

• CHANTRY (Fr. chanterie, from chanter, to sing; Med. Lat. cantuaria)

chantry, founded in 1268 by See also:

• MATTHEW, GOSPEL OF ST
• MATTHEW, ST (MaOOaior or MarOaIos, probably a shortened form of the Hebrew equivalent to Theodorus)
• MATTHEW, TOBIAS

Matthew Stratton, See also:

• ARCHDEACON (Lat. archidiaconus, Gr. &oxt3tauovor)

archdeacon of Buckingham, previously occupied the site; the Norman See also:

• WORK

work may be a remnant of the See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel of a gild of the See also:

• HOLY

Holy Trinity . The See also:

• MANOR

manor See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house is of the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early part of the 17th century, and other old houses remain . The adjacent See also:

• MANSION (through O. Fr. mansion, mod. maison, from Lat. mansio, dwelling-place, stage on a journey; manere, to remain)

mansion of See also:

• STOWE, HARRIET ELIZABETH [BEECHER] (1811-1896)

Stowe, approached from the town by a magnificent See also:

• AVENUE (the past participle feminine of Fr. avenir, to come to)

avenue of elms, and surrounded by gardens very beautifully laid out, was the seat of the See also:

• DUKES
• DUKES, LEOPOLD (1810-1891)

dukes of Buckingham until the extinction of the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title in 1889 . Bucking-ham is served by a branch of the See also:

• GRAND

Grand Junction See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

Canal, and has agricultural See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade, manufactures of condensed See also:

• MILK (0. Eng. meoluc; from a common Indo-European root, cf. Lat. mulgere, Gr. ?t dXyetv)

milk and artificial manure, maltings and See also:

• FLOUR

flour-See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills; while an old See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry survives to a modified extent in the manufacture of See also:

• PILLOW (O. Eng. pylu; Lat. pulvinus, a cushion)

pillow-See also:

• LACE (corresponding to Ital. merletto, trina; Genoese Pizzo; Ger. spitzen; Fr. dentelle; Dutch kanten; Span. encaje; the English word owes something to the Fr. lassis or laces, but both are connected with the earlier Lat. laqueus; early French laces were

lace . The borough is under a See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

mayor, 4 aldermen and 12 councillors . See also:

• AREA

Area, 5oo6 acres .

Buckingham (Bochingeham, Bukyngham) was an important stronghold in pre-See also:

• CONQUEST

Conquest times, and in 918 Edward the See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

Elder encamped there with his See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army for four See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks, and threw up two forts on either See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the See also:

• WATER

water . At the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of the Domesday survey there were twenty-six burgesses in Buckingham, which, together with the See also:

• HAMLET

hamlet of Bourton, was assessed at one hide . Although it appears as a borough thus early, the town received no See also:

• CHARTER (Lat. charta, carta, from Gr. Xap-rns, originally for papyrus, material for writing, thence transferred to paper and from this material to the document, in O. Eng. boc, book)

charter until 1554, when See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary created it a See also:

• FREE

free borough corporate with a See also:

• BAILIFF

bailiff, twelve See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal burgesses and a steward, and defined the boundaries as extending in width from See also:

• DUDLEY
• DUDLEY, BARONS AND EARLS OF
• DUDLEY, EDMUND (c. 1462—1510)
• DUDLEY, SIR ROBERT (1573—1649)
• DUDLEY, THOMAS (1576-1653)

Dudley See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge to Thornborowe bridge and in length from Chackmore bridge to Padbury See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

Mill bridge . A charter from See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles II. in 1684 was very shortly abandoned in favour of the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant, which held force until the Municipal Corporations See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act of 1835 . In 1529 and from 1545 onwards Buckingham returned two members to See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament, until deprived by the See also:

• REPRESENTATION

Representation of the See also:

• PEOPLE

People Act of 1867 of one member, and by the Redistribution of Seats Act of 1885 of the other . Early mentions occur of markets arid fairs, and from 1522, when See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry VIII, granted to Sir Henry Marney the borough of Bucking-ham with a Saturday market and two See also:

• ANNUAL

annual fairs, grants of fairs by various sovereigns were numerous . Buckingham was formerly an important agricultural centre, and Edward III. fixed here one of the staples for See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool, but after the removal of these to See also:

• CALAIS

Calais the trade suffered such decay that in an act of 32 Henry VIII . Buckingham is mentioned among See also:

• THIRTY

thirty-six impoverished towns .