See also:

• CLAUDE, JEAN (1619-1687)

CLAUDE See also:

• CLAUDE BUFFIER (1661-1737)

BUFFIER (1661-1737)  , See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French philosopher, historian and educationalist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• POLAND (Polish Polska, Ger. Polen), (see POLAND, RUSSIAN, below)
• POLAND, RUSSIAN

Poland, on the 25th of May 1661, of French parents, who returned to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, and settled at See also:

• ROUEN

Rouen, soon after his See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth . He was educated at the Jesuit See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college there; and was received into the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of nineteen . A dispute with the See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop compelled him to leave Rouen, and after a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short stay in See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome he returned to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris to the college of the See also:

• JESUITS

Jesuits, where he spent the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of his See also:

• LIFE

life . He seems to have been an admirable teacher, with a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of lucid exposition . His See also:

• OBJECT

object in the Traite See also:

• DES

des verites premieres (1717), his best-known See also:

• WORK

work, is to discover the ultimate principle of knowledge . This he finds in the sense we have of our own existence and of what we feel within ourselves . He thus takes substantially the same ground as See also:

• DESCARTES, RENE (1596-1650)

Descartes, but he rejected the a priori method . In order to know what exists distinct from the self, "See also:

• COMMON

common sense " is necessary . Common sense he defined as " that disposition which nature has placed in all or most men, in order to enable them, when they have arrived at the age and use of See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason, to See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form a common and See also:

• UNIFORM

uniform See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment with respect to See also:

• OBJECTS

objects different from the See also:

• INTERNAL

internal sentiment of their own See also:

• PERCEPTION (from Lat. percipere, to perceive)

perception, which judgment is not the consequence of any anterior judgment." The truths which this " disposition of nature " obliges us to accept can be neither proved nor disproved; they are practically followed even by those who reject them speculatively . But See also:

• BUFFIER, CLAUDE (1661-1737)

Buffier does not claim for these truths of " common sense " the See also:

• ABSOLUTE (Lat. absolvere, to loose, set free)

absolute certainty which characterizes the knowledge we have of our own existence or the logical deductions we make from our thoughts; they possess merely the highest See also:

• PROBABILITY (Lat. probabilis, probable or credible)

probability, and the See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man who rejects them is to be considered a See also:

• FOOL (O. Fr. fol, modern fou, foolish, from a Late Latin use of follis, bellows, a ball filled with air, for a stupid person, a jester, a wind-bag)

fool, though he is not guilty of a See also:

• CONTRADICTION, PRINCIPLE OF (principium contradictionis)

contradiction . Buffier's aversion to scholastic refinements has given to his writings an See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance of shallowness and want of metaphysical insight, and unquestionably he failed entirely even to indicate the nature of that universality and See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity which he ascribed to his " eternal verities "; he was, however, one of the earliest to recognize the psychological as distinguished from the metaphysical See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of Descartes's principle, and to use it, with no inconsiderable skill, as the basis of an See also:

• ANALYSIS (Gr. avci and Meta, to break up into parts)

analysis of the human mind, similar to that enjoined by See also:

• LOCKE, GOTTFRIED CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH (1791–1855)
• LOCKE, JOHN (1632-1704)
• LOCKE, MATTHEW (c. 1630-1677)

Locke . In this he has anticipated the spirit and method as well as many of the results of See also:

• REID, ROBERT (1862– )
• REID, SIR GEORGE (1841- )
• REID, SIR ROBERT GILLESPIE (184o-19o8)
• REID, SIR WILLIAM (1791-1858)
• REID, THOMAS (1710-1796)
• REID, THOMAS MAYNE (1818-1883)
• REID, WHITELAW (1837- )

Reid and the Scottish school .

See also:

• VOLTAIRE, FRANCOIS MARIE AROUET DE (1694–1778)

Voltaire described him as " the only Jesuit who has given a reasonable See also:

• SYSTEM

system of See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy." He wrote also Elements de metaphysique (1724), a "French See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

Grammar on a new See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan," and a number of See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical essays . Most of his See also:

• WORKS

works appeared in a collected form in 1732, and an See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of the Traite was published in 1780 .