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EASTERN See also: kingdom which existed from the 5th to the 15th century on the See also: middle Volga, in the See also: present territory of the provinces of See also: Samara, See also: Simbirsk, See also: Saratov and N
.
See also: Astrakhan, perhaps extending also into See also: Perm
.
The See also: village See also: Bolgari near Kanzan, surrounded by numerous See also: graves in which most interesting archaeological finds have been made, occupies the site of one of the cities—perhaps the capital—of that See also: extinct kingdom
.
The See also: history, Tarikh Bulgar, said to have been written in the 12th century by an Arabian See also: cadi of the city Bolgari, has not yet been discovered; but the Arabian historians, See also: Ibn Foslan, Ibn Haukal, Abul Hamid Andalusi, See also: Abu Abdallah Harnati, and several others, who had visited the kingdom, beginning with the loth century, have' See also: left descriptions of it
.
The Bulgars of the Volga were of See also: Turkish origin, but may have assimilated Finnish and, later, Slavonian elements
.
In the 5th century they attacked the Russians in the Black See also: Sea prairies, and afterwards made raids upon the Greeks
.
In 922, when they were converted to See also: Islam, Ibn Foslan found them not quite nomadic, and already having some permanent settlements and houses in See also: wood
.
See also: Stone houses were built soon after that by Arabian architects
.
Ibn Dasta found amongst them
See also: agriculture besides cattle breeding
.
See also: Trade with See also: Persia and See also: India, as also with the Khazars and the Russians, and undoubtedly with Biarmia (Urals), was, however, their chief occupation, their See also: main riches being furs, See also: leather, wool, nuts, See also: wax and so on
.
After their conversion to Islam they began See also: building forts, several of which are mentioned in See also: Russian See also: annals
.
Their chief See also: town, Bolgari or Velikij Gorod (See also: Great Town) of the Russian annals, was often raided by the Russians
.
In the 13th century it was conquerg1 by the See also: Mongols, and became for a See also: time the seat of the khans: :>f.. the See also: Golden See also: Horde
.
In the second See also: half of the 15th century Bolgari became See also: part of the Kazan kingdom, lost its commercial and See also: political importance, and was annexed to See also: Russia after the fall of Kazan
.
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