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BUNTING (a word of doubtful origin, p...

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 802 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BUNTING (a word of doubtful origin, possibly connected with bunt, to sift, or with the Ger. bunt, of varied See also:colour)  , a loosely See also:woven. woollen See also:cloth for making flags; the See also:term is also used of a collection of flags, and particularly those of a See also:ship . of this subdivision is made up of weakly-cemented, coarse-grained sandstones, oblique lamination is very prevalent, and occasional conglomeratic beds make their See also:appearance . The uppermost See also:bed is usually See also:fine-grained and bears the footprints of Cheirotherium . In the See also:Vosges See also:district, this subdivision of the See also:Bunter is called the Gres See also:des Vosges, or the Gres See also:principal, which comprises: (i.) red micaceous and argillaceous See also:sandstone; (ii.) the conglomirat principal; and (iii.) Gres bigarre principal (=gres des Vosges, properly so-called) . (3) See also:Lower Buntsandstein, fine-grained clayey and micaceous See also:sand-stones, red-See also:grey, yellow, See also:white and mottled . The See also:cement of the sandstones is often felspathic; for this See also:reason they yield useful See also:porcelain See also:clays in the Thuringerwald . See also:Clay See also:galls are See also:common in the sandstones of some districts, and in the neighbourhood of the Harz an oolitic calcareous sandstone, Rogenstein, occurs . In eastern See also:Hesse, the lowest beds are crumbly, shaly clays, Brockelschiefern . The following are the subdivisions usually adopted in See also:England :--(1) Upper Mottled Sandstone, red variegated sandstones, soft and generally See also:free from pebbles . (2) Bunter Pebble Beds, harder red and See also:brown sandstones with quartzose pebbles, very abundant in some places . (3) Lower Mottled Sandstone, very similar to the upper See also:division . The Bunter beds occupy a large See also:area in the midland counties where they See also:form dry, healthy ground of moderate See also:elevation (See also:Cannock See also:Chase, Trentham, See also:Sherwood See also:Forest, See also:Sutton Coldfield, &c.) .

Southward they may be followed through See also:

west See also:Somerset to the cliffs of Budleigh Salterton in See also:Devon; while northward they pass through See also:north See also:Staffordshire, See also:Cheshire and See also:Lancashire to the Vale of See also:Eden and St Bees, reappearing in See also:Elgin and See also:Arran . A de-posit of these rocks lies in the Vale of Clwyd and probably flanks the eastern See also:side of the Pennine Hills, although here it is not so readily differentiated from the See also:Keuper beds . The See also:English Bunter rests with a slight unconformity upon the older formations . It is generally absent in the See also:south-eastern counties, but thickens rapidly in the opposite direction, as is shown by the following table: Lancashire and See also:Leicestershire and W . Cheshire . Staffordshire . See also:Warwickshire . (1) Soo ft . 50-200 ft . Absent (2) 500-750 ft . 100.300 ft . 0-100 ft .

(3) 200-500 ft . 0-100 ft . Absent The material forming the Bunter beds of England came probably from the north-west, but in See also:

Devonshire there are indications which point to an additional source . In the Alpine region, most of the Trias differs markedly from that of England and See also:northern See also:Germany, being of distinctly marine origin; here the Bunter is represented by the Werfen beds (from Werfen in See also:Salzburg) in the northern See also:Alps, a See also:series of red and greenish-grey micaceous shales with See also:gypsum, See also:rock See also:salt and limestones in the upper See also:part; while in the See also:southern Alps (S . See also:Tirol) there is an upper series of red clays, the Campil beds, and a lower series of thin sand-stones, the Seis beds . Mojsisovics von Mojsvar has pointed out that the Alpine Bunter belongs to the single See also:zone of Natica costata and Tirolites See also:cassianus . Fossils in the Bunter are very scarce; in addition to the footprints of Cheirotherium, See also:direct See also:evidence of .amphibians is found in such forms as Trematosaurus and Mastodonsaurus . Myophoria costata and Gervillea Murchisoni are characteristic fossils . See also:Plants are represented by Voltzia and by equisetums and ferns . In England, the Bunter sandstones frequently See also:act as valuable reservoirs of underground See also:water; sometimes they are used for See also:building See also:stone or for foundry sand . In Germany some of the harder beds have yielded building stones, which were much used in the See also:middle ages in the construction of cathedrals and castles in southern Germany and on the See also:Rhine . In the northern See also:Eifel region, at Mechernich and elsewhere, this formation contains See also:lead ore in the form of spots and patches (Knotenerz) in the sandstone; some of the lead ore was worked by the See also:Romans .

For a See also:

consideration of the relationship of the Bunter beds to formations of the like See also:age in other parts of the See also:world, see TRIASSIC See also:SYSTEM . (J . A .

End of Article: BUNTING (a word of doubtful origin, possibly connected with bunt, to sift, or with the Ger. bunt, of varied colour)
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