See also:

• SIR

SIR See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

FRANCIS See also:

• SIR FRANCIS BURDETT (1770-1844)

BURDETT (1770-1844)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English politician, was the son of See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis See also:

• BURDETT, SIR FRANCIS (1770-1844)

Burdett by his wife Eleanor, daughter of See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• JONES
• JONES, ALFRED GILPIN (1824-1906)
• JONES, EBENEZER (182o-186o)
• JONES, ERNEST CHARLES (1819-1869)
• JONES, HENRY (1831-1899)
• JONES, HENRY ARTHUR (1851- )
• JONES, INIGO (1573-1651)
• JONES, JOHN (c. 1800-1882)
• JONES, MICHAEL (d. 1649)
• JONES, OWEN (1741-1814)
• JONES, OWEN (1809-1874)
• JONES, RICHARD (179o-1855)
• JONES, SIR ALFRED LEWIS (1845-1909)
• JONES, SIR WILLIAM (1746-1794)
• JONES, THOMAS RUPERT (1819– )
• JONES, WILLIAM (1726-1800)

Jones of Rainsbury See also:

• MANOR

manor, See also:

• WILTSHIRE [WILTS]

Wiltshire, and See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert Burdett, See also:

• BART, JEAN (1651-1702)

Bart . See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

Born on the 25th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1770, he was educated at See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster school and See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, and after-wards travelled in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and See also:

• SWITZERLAND

Switzerland . He was in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris during the earlier days of the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French Revolution, a visit which doubtless influenced his See also:

• POLITICAL

political opinions . Returning to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England he married in 1793 See also:

• SOPHIA (1630-1714)

Sophia, daughter of See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• COUTTS, THOMAS (1735-1822)

Coutts the banker, and this See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady brought him a large See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune . In 1796 he became member of See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament for See also:

• BOROUGHBRIDGE

Boroughbridge, having See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased this seat from the representatives of the 4th See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• NEWCASTLE
• NEWCASTLE, DUKES OF

Newcastle, and in 1797 succeeded his grandfather as fifth See also:

• BARONET

baronet . In parliament he soon `became prominent as an opponent of See also:

• PITT, THOMAS (1653-1726)
• PITT, WILLIAM (1759-1806)

Pitt, and as an See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate of popular rights . He denounced the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war with France, the suspension of the Habeas Corpus See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act, the proposed exclusion of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• HORNE, GEORGE (1730-1792)
• HORNE, RICHARD HENRY, or HENGIST (1803–1884)
• HORNE, THOMAS HARTWELL (178o-1862)

Horne See also:

• TOOKE, JOHN HORNE (1736–1812)
• TOOKE, THOMAS (1774-1858)

Tooke from parliament, and quickly became the idol of the See also:

• PEOPLE

people . He was instrumental in securing an inquiry into the See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition of Coldbath See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

Fields See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison, but as a result of this step he was for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time prevented by the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government from visiting any prison in the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom . In 1797 he made the acquaintance of See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

Home Tooke, whose See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil he became, not only in politics, but also in See also:

• PHILOLOGY

philology . At the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election of 1802 Burdett was a See also:

• CANDIDATE

candidate for the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county of See also:

• MIDDLESEX
• MIDDLESEX, LIONEL CRANFIELD, 1ST EARL OF (1575-1645)

Middlesex, but his return was declared void in 1804, and in the subsequent contest he was defeated . In 18o5 this return was amended in his favour, but as this was again quickly reversed, Burdett, who had spent an immense sum of See also:

• MONEY

money over the affair, declared he would not stand for parliament again . At the general election of 18o6 Burdett was a leading supporter of See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James Paull, the reform candidate for the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of Westminster; but in the following See also:

• YEAR

year a misunderstanding led to a See also:

• DUEL (Ital. duello, Lat. duellum—old form of bellum-from duo, two)

duel between Burdett and Paull in which both combatants were wounded .

At the general election in 1807 Burdett, in spite of his reluctance, was nominated for Westminster, and amid See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• ENTHUSIASM

enthusiasm was returned at the See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top of the See also:

• POLL

poll . He took up again the congenial See also:

• WORK

work of attacking abuses and agitating for reform, and in 1810 came sharply into collision with the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of See also:

• COMMONS

Commons . A See also:

• RADICAL (Lat. radix, a root)

radical named John See also:

• GALE
• GALE, THEOPHILUS (1628-1678)
• GALE, THOMAS (?1636-17o2)

Gale Jones had been committed to prison by the House, a proceeding which was denounced by Burdett, who questioned the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of the House to take this step, and vainly attempted to secure the See also:

• RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release of Jones . He then issued a revised edition of his speech on this occasion, and it was published by William See also:

• COBBETT, WILLIAM (1766-1835)

Cobbett in the Weekly See also:

• REGISTER

Register . The House voted this See also:

• ACTION

action a See also:

• BREACH (Mid. Eng. breche, derived from the common Teutonic root brec, which appears in " break," Ger. brechen, &c.)

breach of See also:

• PRIVILEGE

privilege, and the See also:

• SPEAKER

speaker issued a See also:

• WARRANT (Med. Lat. warantum; O. Fr. garant, warant, derived from O.H.G. root represented in modern German bygewdhren)

warrant for Burdett's See also:

• ARREST (Fr. arrester, arreeter, to stop or stay)

arrest . Barring himself in his house, he defied the authorities, while the See also:

• MOB

mob gathered in his See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence . At length his house was entered, and under an escort of soldiers he was conveyed to the See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

Tower . Released when parliament was prorogued, he caused his supporters much disappointment by returning to Westminster by See also:

• WATER

water, and so avoiding a demonstrz See also:

• LION
• LION (Lat, leo, leonis; Gr. Mew)

Lion in his See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour . He then brought actions against the speaker and the See also:

• SERJEANT

serjeant-at-arms, but the courts upheld the action of the House . In parliament Burdett denounced See also:

• CORPORAL

corporal See also:

• PUNISHMENT (from Lat. punire, to punish, from poena, punishment, Gr. 7rocvil)

punishment in the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army, and supported all attempts to check corruption, but his See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal efforts were directed towards procuring a reform of parliament, and the removal of See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic disabilities . In 1809 he had See also:

• PRO

pro-posed a See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme of See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary reform, and returning to the subject in 1817 and 1818 he anticipated the Chartist See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement by suggesting universal male See also:

• SUFFRAGE (Lat. suffragium)

suffrage, equal electoral districts, See also:

• VOTE

vote by See also:

• BALLOT (from Ital. ballotta, dim. of balla, a ball)

ballot, and See also:

• ANNUAL

annual parliaments; but his motions met with very little support . He succeeded, however, in carrying a See also:

• RESOLUTION

resolution in 1825 that the House should consider the See also:

• LAWS

laws concerning Roman Catholics .

This was followed by a See also:

• BILL

bill embodying his proposals, which passed the Commons but was rejected by the Lords . In 1827 and 1828 he again proposed resolutions on this subject, and saw his proposals become See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law in 1829 . In 182o Burdett had again come into serious conflict with the government . Having severely censured its action with reference to the " See also:

• MANCHESTER
• MANCHESTER (popularly Manchester-by-the-Sea)
• MANCHESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Manchester See also:

• MASSACRE

massacre," he was prosecuted at See also:

• LEICESTER
• LEICESTER, EARLS OF
• LEICESTER, ROBERT DUDLEY, EARL
• LEICESTER, ROBERT SIDNEY, EARL OF (1563-1626)
• LEICESTER, THOMAS WILLIAM COKE, EARL OF (1754-1842)

Leicester assizes, fined 1000, and committed to prison for three months . After the passing of the Reform Bill in 1832 the ardour of the See also:

• VETERAN

veteran reformer was somewhat See also:

• ABATED

abated, and a number of his constituents soon took umbrage at his changed attitude . Consequently he resigned his seat See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in 1837, but was re-elected . However, at the general election in the same year he forsook Westminster and was elected member for See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North Wiltshire, which seat he retained, acting in general with the Conservatives, until his See also:

• DEATH

death on the 23rd of January 1844 . He See also:

• LEFT

left a son, Robert, who succeeded to the baronetcy, and five daughters,the youngest of whom became the celebrated Baroness Burdett-Coutts . Impetuous and illogical, Burdett did See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good work as an advocate of See also:

• FREE

free speech, and an enemy of corruption . He was exceedingly generous, and spent money lavishly in furthering projects of reform . See A . See also:

• STEPHENS, ALEXANDER HAMILTON (1812-1883)
• STEPHENS, JOHN LLOYD (1805–1852)

Stephens, See also:

• LIFE

Life of Horne Tooke (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1813); See also:

• SPENCER
• SPENCER, HERBERT (1820-1903)
• SPENCER, JOHN CHARLES SPENCER, 3RD EARL (1782-1845)
• SPENCER, JOHNPOYNTZ SPENCER
• SPENCER, WILLIAM ROBERT (1769-1834)

Spencer See also:

• WALPOLE, HORATIO
• WALPOLE, SIR SPENCER (1839-1907)

Walpole, See also:

• HISTORY

History of England (London, 1878–1886) ; C .

See also:

• ABBOT (from the Hebrew ab, a father, through the Syriac abba, Lat. abbas, gen. abbatis, O.E. abbad, fr. late Lat. form abbad-em changed in 13th century under influence of the Lat. form to abbat, used alternatively till the end of the 17th century; Ger. Ab
• ABBOT, EZRA (1819-1884)
• ABBOT, GEORGE (1603-1648)
• ABBOT, ROBERT (1588?–1662?)
• ABBOT, WILLIAM (1798-1843)

Abbot, See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

Baron See also:

• COLCHESTER
• COLCHESTER, CHARLES ABBOT, 1ST BARON (1757-1829)

Colchester, See also:

• DIARY

Diary and See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

Correspondence (London, 1861) . (A . W . H.*) BURDETT-COUTTS, ANGELA GEORGINA BURDETTCOUTTS, BARONESS (1814-1906), English philanthropist, youngest daughter of Sir Francis Burdett, was born on the 21st of See also:

• APRIL

April 1814 . When she was three-and-twenty, she inherited practically the whole of the immense See also:

• WEALTH

wealth of her grandfather Thomas Coutts (approaching two millions See also:

• STERLING
• STERLING, ANTOINETTE (d. 1904)
• STERLING, JOHN (1806-1844)

sterling, a fabulous sum in those days), by the will of the duchess of St Albans, who, as the actress Henrietta Mellon, had been his second wife and had been left it on his death in 1821 . See also:

• MISS

Miss Burdett then took the name of Coutts in addition to her own . " The faymale heiress, Miss Anjaley Coutts," as the author of the Itagoldsby Legends called her in his ballad on the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen's See also:

• CORONATION (Lat. corona, crown)

coronation in that year (1837), at once became a notable subject of public curiosity and private cupidity; she received numerous offers of See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage, but remained resolutely single, devoting herself and her riches to philanthropic work, which made her famous for well-applied generosity . In May 1$71 she was created a peeress, as Baroness Burdett-Coutts of See also:

• HIGHGATE

Highgate and Brookfield, Middlesex . On the 18th of See also:

• JULY

July 1872 she was presented at the See also:

• GUILDHALL

Guildhall with the freedom of the city of London, the first See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of a woman being admitted to that fellowship . It was not till 1881 that, when sixty-seven years old, she married William Lehman Ashmead-See also:

• BARTLETT, JOHN (1820-1905)
• BARTLETT, JOHN RUSSELL (18o5-1886)
• BARTLETT, PAUL WAYLAND (18654 )

Bartlett, an See also:

• AMERICAN

American by See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth, and See also:

• BROTHER

brother of Sir E . A . Ashmead-Bartlett, the Conservative member of parliament; and he then took his wife's name, entering the House of Commons as member for Westminster, 1885 .

Full of good See also:

• WORKS

works, and of social See also:

• INTEREST

interest and See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence, the baroness lived to the great See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of ninety-two, dying at her house in Stratton See also:

• STREET
• STREET, GEORGE EDMUND (1824-1881)

Street, Piccadilly, on the 3oth of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1906, of See also:

• BRONCHITIS

bronchitis . She was buried in Westminster See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

Abbey . The extent of her benefactions during her See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long and active life can only be briefly indicated; but the baroness must remain a striking figure in the social history of Victorian England, for the thoughtful and conscientious care with which she " held her wealth in See also:

• TRUST

trust " for innumerable good See also:

• OBJECTS

objects . It was her aim to benefit the working-classes in ways involving no loss of See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence or self-respect . She carefully avoided taking any See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side in party politics, but she was actively interested in phases of Imperial See also:

• EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension which were calculated to improve the condition of the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black races, as in See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, or the See also:

• EDUCATION

education and See also:

• RELIEF

relief of the poor or suffering in any See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• WORLD

world . Though she made no See also:

• SPECIAL

special distinction of creed in her charities, she was a notable benefactor of the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church of England, See also:

• BUILDING

building and endowing churches and church See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools, endowing the bishoprics of Cape See also:

• TOWN

Town and of See also:

• ADELAIDE
• ADELAIDE (Ger. Adelheid) (931-999)

Adelaide (1847), and See also:

• FOUNDING (from Lat. fundere, to pour)

founding the bishopric of See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• COLUMBIA

Columbia (1857) . Among her many educational endowments may be specified the St See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen's See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute in See also:

• VINCENT (or VINCENTIUS), ST
• VINCENT, GEORGE (1796-1831?)
• VINCENT, MARY ANN (1818-1887)

Vincent Square, Westminster (1846); she started sewing schools in See also:

• SPITALFIELDS

Spitalfields when the See also:

• SILK

silk See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade began to fail; helped to found the See also:

• SHOE (a word appearing in the Teutonic languages in various forms, as Ger. Schuh, Swed. and Dan. sko, sometimes supposed to come from an unknown root ska or sku, cover)

shoe-black See also:

• BRIGADE (Fr. and Ger. brigade, Ital. brigata, Span. brigada; the English use of the word dates from the early 17th century)

brigade; and placed hundreds of destitute boys in training-See also:

• SHIPS

ships for the See also:

• NAVY

navy and See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant service . She established Columbia See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market (1869) in Bethnal See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

Green, and presented it to the city, but owing to commercial difficulties this effort, which cost her over £200,000, proved abortive . She supported various schemes of See also:

• EMIGRATION (from Lat. emigrare; e, ex, out of, and migrare, to depart)

emigration to the colonies; and in See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland helped to promote the fishing See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry by starting schools, and providing boats, besides advancing £250,000 in 188o for supplying See also:

• SEED (from the root seen in Lat. serere, to sow)

seed to the impoverished tenants . She was devoted to the See also:

• PROTECTION

protection of animals and prevention of See also:

• CRUELTY (through the O. Fr. crualte, mod. cruaute, from the Lat. crudelitas)

cruelty, and took up with characteristic zeal the cause of the costermongers' donkeys, building stables for them on her Columbia market See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate, and giving prizes for the best-kept animals . She helped to inaugurate the society for the prevention of cruelty to See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children, and was a keen supporter of the ragged school See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union . Missionary efforts of all sorts; hospitals and See also:

• NURSING

nursing; See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

industrial homes and refuges; relief funds, &c., found in her a generous supporter .

She was associated with Louisa See also:

• TWINING, THOMAS (1735-1804)

Twining and See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence See also:

• NIGHTINGALE (O. Eng. Nihtegale, literally " singer of the night ")
• NIGHTINGALE, FLORENCE (1820–191o)

Nightingale; and in 1877-'878 raised the See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish compassionate fund for the starving peasantry and fugitives in the Russo-Turkish War (for which she obtained the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of the Medjidieh, a solitary case of its See also:

• CONFERENCE

conference on a woman) . She relieved the distressed in far-off lands as well as at home, her helping See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand being stretched out to the See also:

• DYAKS, or DAYAKS

Dyaks of See also:

• BORNEO

Borneo and the See also:

• ABORIGINES

aborigines of See also:

• AUSTRALIA

Australia . She was a liberal patroness of the See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage, literature and the arts, and delighted in knowing all the cultured people of the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day . In See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short, her position in England for See also:

• HALF

half a See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century may well be summed up in words attributed to See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• EDWARD

Edward VII., " after my See also:

• MOTHER

mother (Queen See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria) the most remarkable woman in the kingdom." BURDON-See also:

• SANDERSON, ROBERT (1587-1663)

SANDERSON, SIR JOHN See also:

• SCOTT, ALEXANDER (fl. 1550)
• SCOTT, DAVID (18o6-1849)
• SCOTT, MICHAEL (1789-1835)
• SCOTT, ROBERT (1811-1887)
• SCOTT, SIR GEORGE GILBERT (1811-1878)
• SCOTT, SIR WALTER, BART
• SCOTT, WILLIAM BELL (1811-1890)
• SCOTT, WINFIELD (1786-1866)

SCOTT, Bart . (1828-1905), English physiologist, was born at See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West Jesmand, near Newcastle, on the 21st of December 1828 . A member of a well-known Northumbrian See also:

• FAMILY

family, he received his medical education at the university of See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh and at Paris . Settling in London, he became medical officer of See also:

• HEALTH

health for See also:

• PADDINGTON

Paddington in 1856 and four years later physician to the Middlesex and the See also:

• BROMPTON

Brompton See also:

• CONSUMPTION (Lat. consumere)

Consumption hospitals . When See also:

• DIPHTHERIA (from 8c4BEpa, a skin or membrane)

diphtheria appeared in England in 1858 he was sent to investigate the disease at the different points of outbreak, and in subsequent years he carried out a number of similar inquiries, e.g. into the See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle See also:

• PLAGUE (in Gr. Xotµos; in Lat. pestis, pestilentia)

plague and into See also:

• CHOLERA (from the Gr. Xo)du, tile, and Map, to flow)

cholera in 1866 . He became first principal of the See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

Brown Institution at See also:

• LAMBETH

Lambeth in 1871, and in 1874 was appointed Jodrell See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

• PHYSIOLOGY (from Gr. 4 i s, nature, and koyos, discourse)

physiology at University See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, London, retaining that See also:

• POST

post till 1882 . When the See also:

• WAYNFLETE, WILLIAM (1395-1486)

Waynflete See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of physiology was established at Oxford in 1882, he was chosen to be its first occupant, and immediately found himself the See also:

• OBJECT

object of a furious See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-vivisectionist agitation . The proposal that the university should spend £1o,00o in providing him with a suitable laboratory, lecture-rooms, &c., in which to carry on his work, was strongly opposed, by some on grounds of See also:

• ECONOMY

economy, but largely because he was an upholder of the usefulness and See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity of experiments upon animals . It was, however, eventually carried by a small See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority (88 to 85), and in the same year the Royal Society awarded him a royal See also:

• MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

medal in recognition of his researches into the See also:

• ELECTRICAL
• ELECTRICAL (or ELECTROSTATIC) MACHINE

electrical phenomena exhibited by See also:

• PLANTS

plants and the relations of See also:

• MINUTE
• MINUTE (Lat. minutes, small; minuere, to make less)

minute organisms to disease, and of the services he had rendered to physiology and See also:

• PATHOLOGY (from Gr. raBos, suffering)

pathology .

In 1885 the university of Oxford was asked to vote £500 a year for three years for the purposes of the laboratory, then approaching completion . This proposal was fought with the utmost bitterness by Sander-son's opponents, the anti-vivisectionists including E . A . See also:

• FREEMAN
• FREEMAN, EDWARD AUGUSTUS (1823-1892)

Freeman, John See also:

• RUSKIN, JOHN (1819-1goo)

Ruskin and See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

Bishop Mackarness of Oxford . Ultimately the money was granted by 412 to 244 votes . In 1895 Sanderson was appointed regius professor of See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine at Oxford, resigning the post in 1904; in 1899 he was created a baronet . His attainments, both in See also:

• BIOLOGY (Gr. Qios, life)

biology and medicine, brought him many honours . He was Croonian lecturer to the'Royal Society in 1867 and 1877 and to the Royal College of Physicians in 1891; gave the Harveian oration before the College of Physicians in 1878; acted as See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the British Association at See also:

• NOTTINGHAM
• NOTTINGHAM, CHARLES HOWARD, 1ST EARL OF1 (1536-1624)
• NOTTINGHAM, EARLS OF

Nottingham in 1893; and served on three royal commissions—Hospitals (1883), See also:

• TUBERCULOSIS

Tuberculosis, See also:

• MEAT

Meat and See also:

• MILK (0. Eng. meoluc; from a common Indo-European root, cf. Lat. mulgere, Gr. ?t dXyetv)

Milk (1890), and University for London (1892) . He died at Oxford on the 23rd of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1905 .