See also:

• BURKE
• BURKE, ROBERT
• BURKE, SIR JOHN BERNARD (1814–1892)
• BURKE, WILLIAM (1792–1829)

BURKE] See also:

• BURKE] BURGH [BOURKE
• BURGH, HUBERT DE (d. 1243)

BURGH [See also:

• BOURKE

BOURKE  , the name of an historic Irish See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, associated with See also:

• CONNAUGHT
• CONNAUGHT, ARTHUR WILLIAM PATRICK ALBERT, DUKE OF (1850– )

Connaught for more than seven centuries . It was founded by See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William de See also:

• BURGH [BOURKE, BURKE]
• BURGH, HUBERT DE (d. 1243)

Burgh, See also:

• BROTHER

brother of See also:

• HUBERT (HUCBERTUS, HUGBERTUS), ST (d. 727)

Hubert de Burgh (q.v.) . Before the See also:

• DEATH

death of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry II . (1189) he received a See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant of lands from See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John as See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord of See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland . At John's See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession (1199) he was installed in See also:

• THOMOND, EARL AND MARQUESS OF

Thomond and was See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of See also:

• LIMERICK

Limerick . In 1199–1201 he was supporting in turn Cathal Carrach and Cathal Crovderg for the native See also:

• THRONE

throne, but he was expelled from Limerick in 1203, and, losing his Connaught, though not his See also:

• MUNSTER
• MUNSTER, SEBASTIAN (1489-1552)

Munster estates, died in 1205 . His son See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard, in 1227, received the See also:

• LAND

land of " Connok" [Connaught], as forfeited by its See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, whom he helped to fight . From 1228 to 1232 he held the high See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of See also:

• JUSTICIAR (med. Lat. justiciarius or justitiarius, a judge)

justiciar of Ireland . In 1234 he sided with the See also:

• CROWN

crown against Richard, See also:

• EARL

earl See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal, who See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell in battleagainst him . Dying in 1243, he was succeeded as lord of See also:

• CON

Con-naught by his son Richard, and then (1248) by his younger son See also:

• WALTER, HUBERT (d. 1205)
• WALTER, JOHN (1738/9-1812)

Walter, who .carried on the See also:

• FAMILY

family warfare against the native chieftains, and added greatly to his vast domains by obtaining (c . 1255) from See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• EDWARD

Edward a grant of " the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county of See also:

• ULSTER
• ULSTER, EARLS OF

Ulster," in consequence of which he was styled later earl of Ulster . At his death in 1271, he was succeeded by his son Richard as 2nd earl .

In 1286 Richard ravaged and subdued Connaught, and deposed See also:

• BRYAN, WILLIAM JENNINGS (186o– )

Bryan O'See also:

• NEILL, JAMES GEORGE SMITH (1810-1857)

Neill as See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief native king, substituting a nominee of his own . The native king of Connaught was also attacked by him, in favour of that See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the O'Conors whom his own family supported . He led his forces from Ireland to support Edward I. in his Scottish See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

campaigns, and on Edward See also:

• BRUCE
• BRUCE, ALEXANDER BALMAIN (1831-1899)
• BRUCE, JAMES (1930-1794)
• BRUCE, MICHAEL (1746-1767)

Bruce's invasion of Ulster in 1315 Richard marched against him, but he had given his daughter See also:

• ELIZABETH
• ELIZABETH (1533-1603)
• ELIZABETH (1596-1662)
• ELIZABETH (1635–1650)
• ELIZABETH [ AMELIE EUGENIE ] (1837—1898)
• ELIZABETH [1lisabeth Philippine Marie Helene of France] (1764—1794)
• ELIZABETH [PAULINE ELIZABETH OTTILIE LOUISE] (1843– )
• ELIZABETH [PETROVNA] (1709-1762), EMPRESS
• ELIZABETH, SAINT (1207-1231)

Elizabeth in See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage to See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert Bruce, afterwards king of See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, about 1304 . Occasionally summoned to See also:

• ENGLISH

English parliaments, he spent most of his See also:

• FORTY

forty years of activity in Ireland, where he was the greatest See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble of his See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day, usually fighting the natives or his Anglo-See also:

• NORMAN
• NORMAN, SIR HENRY WYLIE (1826-1904)

Norman rivals . The patent See also:

• ROLL (O. Fr. rolle, roulle, mod. role, Lat. rotulus, dim. of rota, wheel)
• ROLL, ALFRED PHILIPPE (1846– )

roll of 1290 shows that in addition to his lands in Ulster, Connaught and Munster, he had held the Isle of See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

Man, but had surrendered it to the king . His See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson and successor William, the 3rd earl (1326–1333), was the son of John de Burgh by Elizabeth, See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady of See also:

• CLARE
• CLARE, JOHN (1793-1864)
• CLARE, JOHN FITZGIBBON, 1ST EARL OF (1749-1802)

Clare, See also:

• SISTER

sister and co-See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir of the last Clare earl of See also:

• HERTFORD
• HERTFORD, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Hertford (d . 1314) . He married a daughter of Henry, earl of See also:

• LANCASTER
• LANCASTER, HOUSE OF
• LANCASTER, JOHN OF GAUNT
• LANCASTER, JOSEPH (1778-1838)
• LANCASTER, SIR JAMES (f1. 1591—1618)
• LANCASTER, THOMAS, EARL OF (c. 1277-1322)

Lancaster, and was appointed See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant of Ireland in 1331, but was murdered in his 21st See also:

• YEAR

year, leaving a daughter, the See also:

• SOLE (Solea)

sole heiress, not only of the de Burgh possessions, but of vast Clare estates . She was married in childhood to Lionel, son of Edward III., who was recognized in her right as earl of Ulster, and their See also:

• DIRECT

direct representative, the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, ascended the throne in 1461 as Edward IV., since when the earldom of Ulster has been only held by members of the royal family . On the See also:

• MURDER

murder of the 3rd earl (1333), his male kinsmen, who had a better right, by native Irish ideas, to the See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession than his daughter, adopted Irish names and customs, and becoming virtually native chieftains succeeded in holding the bulk of the de Burgh territories . Their two See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main branches were those of "MacWilliam Eigh ter" in See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern Connaught, and "MacWilliam Oughter " to the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of them, in what is now See also:

• MAYO
• MAYO, RICHARD SOUTHWELL BOURKE, 6TH EARL OF (1822-1872)

Mayo . The former held the territory of See also:

• CLANRICARDE, ULICK DE BURGH (BOURKE or BURKE)
• CLANRICARDE, ULICK DE BURGH (BOURKE or BURKE), MARQUESS OF (1604-1657 or 1658)

Clanricarde, lying in the See also:

• NEIGHBOUR (O. Eng. neahgebiir, from Walt, " nigh," " near ")

neighbour-See also:

• HOOD,
• HOOD, JOHN BELL (1831–1879)
• HOOD, SAMUEL HOOD, VISCOUNT (1724–1816)
• HOOD, SIR SAMUEL (1762-1814)
• HOOD, THOMAS (1799-1845)
• HOOD, TOM (1835–1874)

hood of See also:

• GALWAY

Galway, and in 1543 their chief, as Ulick " Bourck, See also:

• ALIAS (Lat. for " at another time ")

alias Makwilliam," surrendered it to Henry VIII., receiving it back to hold, by English See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom, as earl of Clanricarde and Lord Dunkellin .

The 4th earl (16or–1635) distinguished himself on the English See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side in O'Neill's See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion and afterwards, and obtained the English earldom of St Albans in 1628, his son Ulick receiving further the Irish marquessate of Clanricarde (1646) . His See also:

• COUSIN (Fr. cousin, Ital. cugino, Late Lat. cosinus, perhaps a popular and familiar abbreviation of consobrinus, which has the same sense in classical Latin)
• COUSIN, JEAN (1500-1590)
• COUSIN, VICTOR (1792–1867)

cousin and heir, the 6th earl (1657–1666) was See also:

• UNCLE

uncle of the 8th and 9th earls (1687–1722), both of whom fought for See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James II. and paid the See also:

• PENALTY (Lat. poena, punishment)

penalty for doing so in 1691, but the 9th earl was restored in 1702, and his See also:

• GREAT

great-grandson, the 12th earl, was created See also:

• MARQUESS (1760-1842)
• MARQUESS, or MARQUIS (Fr. marquis, Ital. marchese; from med. Lat. marchio, marchisus, i.e. comes marchiae, " count of the March ")

marquess of Clanricarde in 1789 . He See also:

• LEFT

left no son, but the marquessate was again revived in 1825, for his See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew the 14th earl, whose heir is the See also:

• PRESENT

present marquess . The family, which changed its name from See also:

• BOURKE

Bourke to de Burgh in 1752, and added that of See also:

• CANNING, CHARLES JOHN, EARL (1812-1862)
• CANNING, GEORGE (1770-1827)

Canning in 1862, still own a vast See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate in County Galway . In 1603 " the MacWilliam Oughter," See also:

• THEOBALD, (d. 1161)
• THEOBALD, LEWIS (1688-1744)

Theobald Bourke, similarly resigned his territory in Mayo, and received it back to hold by English See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure . In 1627 he was created See also:

• VISCOUNT (through O. Fr. viscomte, mod. vicomte, from Low Lat. vice-comes, cf. Portug. visconde, Ital. visconte)

Viscount Mayo . The 2nd and 3rd viscounts (1629–1663) suffered at See also:

• CROMWELL, HENRY (1628-1674)
• CROMWELL, OLIVER (1599-1658)
• CROMWELL, RICHARD (1626–1712)
• CROMWELL, THOMAS, EARL OF

Cromwell's hands, but the 4th was restored to his estates (some 50,000 acres) in 1666 . The See also:

• PEERAGE
• PEERAGE (Fr. pairage, med. Lat. paragium; M.E. Pere, 0. Fr. per, peer, later pair; Lat. Paris, " equal ")

peerage became See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct or dormant on the death of the 8th viscount in 1767 . In 1781 John Bourke, a Mayo man, believed to be descended from the See also:

• LINE

line of " MacWilliam Oughter," was created Viscount Mayo, and four years later earl of Mayo, a peerage still extant . In 1872 the 6th earl was murdered in the Andaman Islands when See also:

• VICEROY (from O. Fr. viceroy, mod. viceroi, i.e. Lat. vice, in place of, and roy or roi, king)

viceroy of See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India . The baronies of Bourke of Connell (158o) and . Bourke of Brittas (1618), both forfeited in 1691, were bestowed on branches of the family which has also still representatives in the baronetage and landed gentry of Ireland .

The lords Burgh or See also:

• BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
• BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)

Borough of See also:

• GAINSBOROUGH
• GAINSBOROUGH, THOMAS (1727-1788)

Gainsborough (1487–1599) were a See also:

• LINCOLNSHIRE

Lincolnshire family believed to be descended from a younger son of Hubert de Burgh . The 5th See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

baron was lord See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy of Ireland in 2-597, and his younger brother, See also:

• SIR

Sir John (d . 1594), a distinguished soldier and sailor . (J . H .