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AARON BURR (1756-1836)

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 862 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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AARON See also:BURR (1756-1836)  , See also:American See also:political See also:leader, was See also:born at See also:Newark, New See also:Jersey, on the 6th of See also:February 1756 . His See also:father, the Rev . See also:Aaron See also:Burr (1715-1757), was the second See also:president (1748–1757) of the See also:College of New Jersey, now See also:Princeton University; his See also:mother was the daughter of See also:Jonathan See also:Edwards, the well-known Calvinist theologian . The son graduated from the College of New Jersey in 1772, and two years later began the study of See also:law in the celebrated law school conducted by his See also:brother-in-law, Tappan See also:Reeve, at See also:Litchfield, See also:Connecticut . Soon after the outbreak of the See also:War of See also:Independence, in 1775, he joined See also:Washington's See also:army in See also:Cambridge, See also:Mass . He accompanied Amold's expedition into See also:Canada in 1775, and on arriving before See also:Quebec he disguised himself as a See also:Catholic See also:priest and made a dangerous See also:journey of 120 M. through the See also:British lines to notify See also:Montgomery, at See also:Montreal, of See also:Arnold's arrival . He served for a See also:time on the staffs of Washington and See also:Putnam in 1776-77, and by his vigilance in the See also:retreat from See also:Long See also:Island he saved an entire See also:brigade from See also:capture . On becoming See also:lieutenant-See also:colonel in See also:July 1777, he assumed the command of a See also:regiment, and during the See also:winter at Valley Forge guarded the " Gulf," a pass commanding the approach to the See also:camp, and necessarily the first point that would be attacked . In the engagement at See also:Monmouth, on the 28th of See also:June 1778, he commanded one of the brigades in See also:Lord See also:Stirling's See also:division . In See also:January 1779 Burr was assigned to the command of the " lines " of Westchester See also:county, a region between the British See also:post at See also:Kingsbridge and that of the Americans about 15 M. to the See also:north . In this See also:district there was much turbulence and plundering by the lawless elements of both Whigs and Tories and by bands of See also:ill-disciplined soldiers from both armies . Burr established a thorough See also:patrol See also:system, rigorously enforced See also:martial law, and quickly restored See also:order .

He resigned from the army in See also:

March 1779, on See also:account of ill-See also:health, renewed the study of law, was admitted to the See also:bar at See also:Albany in 1782, and began to practise in New See also:York See also:city after its evacuation by the British in the following See also:year . In 1782 he married See also:Theodosia See also:Prevost (d . 1794), the widow of a British army officer who had died in the See also:West Indies during the War of Independence . They had one See also:child, a daughter, Theodosia, born in 1783, who became widely known for her beauty and accomplishments, married See also:Joseph See also:Alston of See also:South Carolina in 18or, and was lost at See also:sea in 1813 . Burr was a member of the See also:state See also:assembly (1784–1785), See also:attorney-See also:general of the state (1789-1791), See also:United States senator (1791–1797), and again a member of the assembly (1798–1799 and 1800-18o1) . As See also:national parties became clearly defined, he associated himself with the Democratic-Republicans . Although he was not the founder of Tammany See also:Hall, he began the construction of the political See also:machine upon which the See also:power of that organization is based . In the See also:election of 1800 he was placed on the Democratic-Republican presidential See also:ticket with See also:Thomas See also:Jefferson, and each received the same number of electoral votes . It was well understood that the party intended that Jefferson should be president and Burr See also:vice-president, but owing to a defect (later remedied) in the Constitution the responsibility for the final choice was thrown upon the See also:House of Representatives . The attempts of a powerful See also:faction among the Federalists to secure the election of Burr failed, partly because of the opposition of See also:Alexander See also:Hamilton and partly, it would seem, because Burr himself would make no efforts to obtain votes in his own favour . On Jefferson's election, Burr of course became vice-president . His See also:fair and judicial manner as president of the See also:Senate, recognized even by his bitterest enemies, helped to See also:foster traditions in regard to that position quite different from those which have become associated with the speakership of the House of Representatives .

Hamilton had opposed Burr's aspirations for the vice-See also:

presidency in 1792, and had exerted See also:influence through Washington to prevent his See also:appointment as brigadier-general in 1798, at the time of the threatened war between the United States and See also:France . It was also in a measure his efforts which led to Burr's lack of success in the New York gubernatorial See also:campaign of 1804; moreover the two had long been rivals at the bar . Smarting under defeat and angered by Hamilton's criticisms, Burr sent the See also:challenge which resulted in the famous See also:duel at See also:Weehawken, N.J., on the 11th of July 1804, and the See also:death of Hamilton (q.v.) on the following See also:day . After the expiration of his See also:term as vice-president (March 4, 1805), broken in See also:fortune and virtually an See also:exile from New Ybrk, where, as in New Jersey, he had been indicted for See also:murder after the duel with Hamilton, Burr visited the South-west and became involved in the so-called See also:conspiracy which has so puzzled the students of that See also:period . The traditional view that he planned a separation of the West from the See also:Union is now discredited . Apart from the question of political morality he could not, as a shrewd politician, have failed to see that the See also:people of that See also:section were too loyal to See also:sanction such a See also:scheme . The See also:objects of his treasonable See also:correspondence with Merry and Yrujo, the British and See also:Spanish ministers at Washington, were, it would seem, to secure See also:money and to conceal his real designs, which were probably to overthrow Spanish power in the South-west, and perhaps to found an imperial See also:dynasty in See also:Mexico . He was arrested in 1807 on the See also:charge of See also:treason, was brought to trial before the United States See also:circuit See also:court at See also:Richmond, See also:Virginia, See also:Chief-See also:Justice See also:Marshall presiding, and he was acquitted, in spite of the fact that the political influence of the national See also:administration was thrown against him . Immediately afterward he was tried on a charge of See also:misdemeanour, and on a technicality was again acquitted . He lived abroad from 18o8 to 1812, passing most of his time in See also:England, See also:Scotland, See also:Denmark, See also:Sweden and France; trying to secure aid in the See also:prosecution of his filibustering schemes but See also:meeting with numerous rebuffs, being ordered out of England and See also:Napoleon refusing to receive him . In 1812 he returned to New York and spent the See also:remainder of his See also:life in the practice of law . Burr was unscrupulous, insincere and notoriously immoral, but he was pleasing in his See also:manners, generous to a See also:fault, and was intensely devoted to his wife and daughter .

In 1833 he married Eliza B . Jumel (1769–1865), a See also:

rich New York widow; the two soon separated, however, owing to Burr's having lost much of her fortune in See also:speculation . He died at See also:Port Richmond, Staten Island, New York, on the 14th of See also:September 1836 . The See also:standard See also:biography is See also:James See also:Parton's The Life and Times of Aaron Burr (first edition, 1857; enlarged edition, 2 vols., Bostonand New York, 1898) . W . F . McCaleb's The Aaron Burr Conspiracy (New York, 1903) is a scholarly See also:defence of the West and incidentally of Burr against the charge of treason, and is the best account of the subject; see also I . Jenkinson, Aaron Burr (Richmond, Ind., 1902) . For the traditional view of Burr's conspiracy, see See also:Henry See also:Adams's See also:History of the United States, vol. iii . (New York, 1890) .

End of Article: AARON BURR (1756-1836)
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