See also:

• SAMUEL

SAMUEL See also:

• BUTLER
• BUTLER (or BOTELER), SAMUEL (1612–168o)
• BUTLER (through the O. Fr. bouteillier, from the Late Lat. buticularius, buticula, a bottle)
• BUTLER, ALBAN (1710-1773)
• BUTLER, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1818-1893)
• BUTLER, CHARLES (1750–1832)
• BUTLER, GEORGE (1774-1853)
• BUTLER, JOSEPH (1692-1752)
• BUTLER, NICHOLAS MURRAY (1862– )
• BUTLER, SAMUEL (1774-1839)
• SAMUEL BUTLER (1835-1902)
• BUTLER, SIR WILLIAM FRANCIS (1838– )
• BUTLER, WILLIAM ARCHER (1814-1848)

BUTLER (1835-1902)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English author, son of the Rev . See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• BUTLER
• BUTLER (or BOTELER), SAMUEL (1612–168o)
• BUTLER (through the O. Fr. bouteillier, from the Late Lat. buticularius, buticula, a bottle)
• BUTLER, ALBAN (1710-1773)
• BUTLER, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1818-1893)
• BUTLER, CHARLES (1750–1832)
• BUTLER, GEORGE (1774-1853)
• BUTLER, JOSEPH (1692-1752)
• BUTLER, NICHOLAS MURRAY (1862– )
• BUTLER, SAMUEL (1774-1839)
• BUTLER, SAMUEL (1835-1902)
• BUTLER, SIR WILLIAM FRANCIS (1838– )
• BUTLER, WILLIAM ARCHER (1814-1848)

Butler, and See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson of the foregoing, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Langar, near See also:

• BINGHAM, JOSEPH (1668-1723)

Bingham, See also:

• NOTTINGHAMSHIRE, or NOTTS

Nottinghamshire, on the 4th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1835 . He was educated at See also:

• SHREWSBURY
• SHREWSBURY, CHARLES TALBOT, DUKE OF (166o-1718)
• SHREWSBURY, DUKE
• SHREWSBURY, EARLS OF
• SHREWSBURY, ELIZABETH TALBOT, COUNTESS OF (1518–16o8)
• SHREWSBURY, JOHN TALBOT, 1ST EARL OF (d. 1453)

Shrewsbury school, and at St See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John's See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge . He took a high See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in the classical tripos of 1858, and was intended for the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church . His opinions, however, prevented his carrying out this intention, and he sailed to New See also:

• ZEALAND (also SEALAND Or SEELAND; Danish Sjaelland)

Zealand in the autumn of 1859 . He owned a See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep run in the Upper Rangitata See also:

• DISTRICT

district of the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• CANTERBURY
• CANTERBURY, CHARLES

Canterbury, and in less than five years was able to return See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home with a moderate competence, most of which was afterwards lost in unlucky investments . The Rangitata district supplied the setting for his See also:

• ROMANCE

romance of Erewhon, or Over the Range (1872), satirizing the Darwinian theory and conventional See also:

• RELIGION
• RELIGION, FOLKLORE, CUSTOM

religion . Erewhon had a sequel See also:

• THIRTY

thirty years later (1901) in Erewhon Revisited, in which the narrator of the earlier romance, who had escaped from Erewhon in a See also:

• BALLOON

balloon, finds himself, on revisiting the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country after a considerable See also:

• INTERVAL

interval, the See also:

• OBJECT

object of a topsy-turvy cult, to which he gave the name of " Sunchildism." In 1873 he had published a See also:

• BOOK

book of similar tendency, The See also:

• FAIR

Fair Haven, which purported to be a "See also:

• WORK

work in See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of the miraculous See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element in our See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord's See also:

• MINISTRY

ministry upon See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth " by a fictitious J . P . See also:

• OWEN, JOHN (1616-1683)
• OWEN, JOHN [OVENUS Or AUDOENUS] (c. 1560-1622)
• OWEN, ROBERT (1771-1858)
• OWEN, SIR HUGH (1804-1881)
• OWEN, SIR RICHARD (1804–1892)

Owen, of whom he'wrote a memoir . Butler was a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of See also:

• GREAT

great versatility, who pursued his investigations in classical scholarship, in Shakespearian See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism, See also:

• BIOLOGY (Gr. Qios, life)

biology and See also:

• ART

art with equal See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence and originality . On his return from New Zealand he had established himself at See also:

• CLIFFORD
• CLIFFORD, JOHN (1836- )
• CLIFFORD, WILLIAM KINGDON (1845-1879)

Clifford's See also:

• INN

Inn, and studied See also:

• PAINTING

painting, exhibiting regularly in the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy between 1868 and 1876 .

But with the publication of See also:

• LIFE

Life and See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

Habit (1877) he began to recognize literature as his life work . The book was followed by three others, attacking Darwinism—See also:

• EVOLUTION

Evolution Old and New, or the Theories of BuJon, Dr See also:

• ERASMUS, DESIDERIUS (1466–1536)

Erasmus See also:

• DARWIN, CHARLES ROBERT (1809-1882)
• DARWIN, ERASMUS (1731-1802)

Darwin and See also:

• LAMARCK,

Lamarck as compared with that of Mr C . Darwin (1879); Unconscious Memory (188o), a comparison between the theory of Dr E . Hering and the See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

Philosophy of the Unconscious of Dr E. von See also:

• HARTMANN, KARL ROBERT EDUARD VON (1842–1906)
• HARTMANN, MORITZ (1821–1872)

Hartmann; and See also:

• LUCK

Luck or Cunning (1886) . He had a thorough knowledge of See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy and its art . In Ex Voto (1888) he introduced many English readers to the art of Tabachetti and Gaudenzio See also:

• FERRARI, GAUDENZIO (1484-1549)
• FERRARI, GIUSEPPE (1812–1876)
• FERRARI, PAOLO (1822–1889)

Ferrari at Varallo . He learnt nearly the whole of the Iliad and the Odyssey by See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart, and translated both poems (1898 and 1900) into colloquial English See also:

• PROSE

prose . In his Authoress of the Odyssey (1897) he propounded two theories: that the poem was the work of a woman, who See also:

• DREW
• DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

drew her own portrait in See also:

• NAUSICAA

Nausicaa; and that it was written at See also:

• TRAPANI (anc. Drepanum)

Trapani, in See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily, a proposition which he supported by elaborate investigations on the spot . In another book on the See also:

• SHAKESPEARE, WILLIAM (1564-1616)

Shakespeare Sonnets (1899) he aimed at destroying the explanations of the orthodox commentators . Butler was also a musician, or, as he called himself, a Handelian, and in See also:

• IMITATION (Lat. imitatio, from intitari, to imitate)

imitation of the See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style of See also:

• HANDEL, GEORGE FREDERICK (1685–1759)

Handel he wrote in collaboration with H . Festing See also:

• JONES
• JONES, ALFRED GILPIN (1824-1906)
• JONES, EBENEZER (182o-186o)
• JONES, ERNEST CHARLES (1819-1869)
• JONES, HENRY (1831-1899)
• JONES, HENRY ARTHUR (1851- )
• JONES, INIGO (1573-1651)
• JONES, JOHN (c. 1800-1882)
• JONES, MICHAEL (d. 1649)
• JONES, OWEN (1741-1814)
• JONES, OWEN (1809-1874)
• JONES, RICHARD (179o-1855)
• JONES, SIR ALFRED LEWIS (1845-1909)
• JONES, SIR WILLIAM (1746-1794)
• JONES, THOMAS RUPERT (1819– )
• JONES, WILLIAM (1726-1800)

Jones a See also:

• SECULAR (Lat. saecularis, of or belonging to an age or generation, saeculum)

secular See also:

• ORATORIO

oratorio, See also:

• NARCISSUS

Narcissus (1888), and had completed his See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share of another, Ulysses, at the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of his See also:

• DEATH

death on the 18th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1902 . His other See also:

• WORKS

works include: Life and Letters (1896) of Dr See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel Butler, his grandfather, headmaster of Shrewsbury school and afterwards See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• LICHFIELD

Lichfield; See also:

• ALPS

Alps and Sanctuaries (1881); and two See also:

• POSTHUMOUS

posthumous works edited by R .

A . Streatfeild, The Way of All Flesh (1903), a novel; and Essays on Life, Art and See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

Science (1904) . See Samuel Butler, Records and Memorials (1903), by R . A . Streatfeild, a collection printed for private circulation, the most important See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article included being one by H . Festing Jones originally published in The See also:

• EAGLE (Fr. aigle, from the Lat. aquila)

Eagle (Cambridge, December 1902) .