C2H6  , with

sulphur trioxide to form carbyl sulphate, C2H4(SO3)2, with hydrobromic and hydriodic acids at oo° C. to form ethyl bromide, C2H5Br, and ethyl iodide, C2H5I, with sulphuric acid at 16o-17o° C. to form ethyl sulphuric acid, C2H5•HSO4, and with Excluded from this survey of the grouping of Man are the hypochlorous acid to form glycol chlorhydrin, Cl•CH2•CH2.OH . aborigines of Australia, whose ethnical affinities are much Dilute potassium permanganate solution oxidizes it to ethylene disputed . Probably they are to be reckoned as Dravidians, a glycol, HO•CH2•CH2.OH, whilst fuming nitric acid converts it very remote blend of Caucasic and Negro man . For a detailed into oxalic acid . Several compounds of ethylene and metallic which it is most reasonable broadly to divide mankind they may be analysed as to their racial constituents and their habitats as follows: r . Caucasic or White Man is best divided, following Huxley, into (a) Xanthochroi or " fair whites " and (b) Melanochroi or " dark whites." (a) The first—tall, with almost colourless skin, blue or grey eyes, hair from straw colour to chestnut, and skulls varying as to proportionate width—are the prevalent inhabitants of Northern Europe, and the type may be traced into North Africa and eastward as far as India . On the south and west it mixes with that of the Melanochroi and on the north and east with that of the Mongoloids . (b) The " dark whites " differ from the fair whites in the darkening of the complexion to brownish and olive, and of the eyes and hair to black, while the stature is somewhat lower and the frame lighter . To this division belong a large part of those classed as Celts, and of the populations of Southern Europe, such as Spaniards, Greeks and Arabs, extending as far as India, while endless intermediate grades between the two white types testify to ages of intermingling . Besides these two main types, the Caucasic division of mankind has been held with much reason to include such aberrant types as the brown Polynesian races of the Eastern Pacific, Samoans, Hawaiians, Maoris, &c., the proto-Malay peoples of the Eastern archipelago, sometimes termed Indonesians, represented by the Dyaks of Borneo and the Battaks of Sumatra, the Todas of India and the Ainus of Japan . 2 . Mongolic or Yellow Man prevails over the vast area lying east of a line drawn from Lapland to Siam .

His

physical characteristics are a short squat body, a yellowish-brown or coppery complexion, hair lank, straight and black, flat small nose, broad skull, usually without prominent brow-ridges, and black oblique eyes . Of the typical Mongolic races the chief are the Chinese, Tibetans, Burmese, Siamese; the Finnic group of races occupying Northern Europe, such as Finns, Lapps, Samoyedes and Ostyaks, and the Arctic Asiatic group represented by the Chukchis and Kamchadales; the Tunguses, Gilyaks and Golds north of, and the Mongols proper west of, Manchuria; the pure Turkic peoples and the Japanese and Koreans . Less typical, but with the Mongolic elements so predominant as to warrant inclusion, are the Malay peoples of the Eastern archipelago . Lastly, though differentiated in many ways from the true Mongol, the American races from the Eskimo to the Fuegians must be reckoned in the Yellow division of mankind . 3 . Negroid or Black Man is primarily represented by the Negro of Africa between the Sahara and the Cape district, including Madagascar . The skin varies from dark brown to brown-black, with eyes of the same colour, and hair usually black and always crisp or woolly . The skull is narrow, with orbital ridges not prominent, the jaws protrude, the nose is flat and broad, and the lips thick and everted . Two important families are classed in this division; some authorities hold, as special modifications of the typical Negro to-day, others as actually nearer the true generalized Negroid type of neolithic times . First are the Bushman of South Africa, diminutive in stature and of a yellowish-brown colour: the neighbouring Hottentot is believed to be the result of crossing between the Bushman and the true Negro . Second are the large Negrito family, represented in Africa by the dwarf races of the equatorial forests, the Akkas, Batwas, Wochuas and others, and beyond Africa by the Andaman Islanders, the Aetas of the Philippines, and probably the Senangs and other aboriginal tribes of the Malay Peninsula . The Negroid type seems to have been the earliest predominant in the South Sea islands, but it is impossible to say certainly whether it is itself derived from the Negrito, or the latter is a modification of it, as has been suggested above .

In

Melanesia, the Papuans of New Guinea, of New Caledonia, and other islands, represent a more or less Negroid type, as did the now extinct Tasmanians . chlorides are known; e.g. ferric chloride in the presence of ether at 15o° C. gives C2H4•FeCI8.2H2O (J . Kachtler, Ber., 1869, 2, p . 510), while platinum bichloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid solution absorbs ethylene, forming the compound C2H4•PtC12 (K . Birnbaum, Ann., 1868, 145, p . 69) .