See also:

• CADASTRE (a French word from the Late Lat. capitastrum, a register of the poll-tax)

CADASTRE (a See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French word from the See also:

• LATE

Late See also:

• LAT

Lat. capitastrum, a See also:

• REGISTER

register of the See also:

• POLL

poll-tax)  , a See also:

• REGISTER

register of the real See also:

• PROPERTY

property of a See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, with details of the See also:

• AREA

area, the owners and the value . A " cadastral survey " is properly, therefore, one which gives such See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information as the Domesday See also:

• BOOK

Book, but the See also:

• TERM

term is sometimes used loosely of the See also:

• ORDNANCE (a syncopated form of " ordinance " or " ordonnance," so spelt in this sense since the 17th century)

Ordnance Survey of the See also:

• UNITED

United See also:

• KINGDOM

Kingdom (1= 2500), which is on sufficiently large a See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

scale to give the area of every See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field or piece of ground . CADDIS-See also:

• FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)

FLY and CADDIS-See also:

• WORM

WORM, the name given to See also:

• INSECTS

insects with a superficial resemblance to moths, sometimes referred to the See also:

• NEUROPTERA (Gr. vevpov, a nerve, and ,rmpbv, a wing)

Neuroptera, sometimes to a See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order, the Trichoptera, in allusion to the hairy clothing of the See also:

• BODY

body and wings . Apart from this feature the Trichoptera also differ from the typical Neuroptera in the relatively See also:

• SIMPLE

simple, mostly See also:

• LONGITUDINAL

longitudinal neuration of the wings, the See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence or obsolescence of the mandibles and the semi-haustellate nature of the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of the mouth-parts . Although caddis-flies are sometimes referred to several families, the See also:

• DIFFERENCES, CALCULUS OF (Theory of Finite Differences)

differences between the See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups are of no See also:

• GREAT

great importance . Hence the insects may more conveniently be regarded as constituting the single See also:

• FAMILY

family Phryganeidae . The larvae known as caddis-See also:

• WORMS

worms are aquatic . The mature See also:

• FEMALES

females See also:

• LAY

lay their eggs in the See also:

• WATER

water, and the newly-hatched larvae provide them-selves with cases made of various particles such as grains of See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand, pieces of See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood or leaves See also:

• STUCK, FRANZ (1863— )

stuck together with See also:

• SILK

silk secreted from the salivary glands of the See also:

• INSECT

insect . These cases differ greatly927 in structure and shape . Those of Phyrganea consist of bits of twigs or leaves cut to a suitable length and laid See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side by side in a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long spirally-coiled See also:

• BAND

band, forming the See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall of a subcylindrical cavity . The cavity of the See also:

• TUBE (Lat. tuba)

tube of Helicopsyche, composed of grains of sand, is itself spirally coiled, so that the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case exactly resembles a small See also:

• SNAIL

snail-See also:

• SHELL
• SHELL (O. Eng. scell, scyll, cf. Du. sceel, shell, Goth. skalja, tile; the word means originally a thin flake,. cf. Swed. skalja, to peel off; it is allied to " scale " and " skill," from a root meaning to cleave, divide, separate)

shell in shape . One See also:

• SPECIES

species of Limnophilus uses small but entire leaves; another, the shells of the See also:

• POND
• POND, JOHN (c. 1767-1836)

pond-snail Planorbis; another, pieces of stick arranged transversely with reference to the long See also:

• AXIS (Lat. for " axle ")

axis of the tube .

To admit of the See also:

• FREE

free inflow and outflow of currents of water necessary for respiration, which is effected by means of filamentous abdominal tracheal gills, the two ends of the tube are open . Sometimes the cases are fixed, but more often portable . In the latter case the larva crawls about the bottom of the water or up the stems of See also:

• PLANTS

plants, with its thickly-chitinized See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head and legs protruding from the larger orifice, while it maintains a secure hold of the silk lining of the tube by means of a pair of strong hooks at the posterior end of its soft defenceless See also:

• ABDOMEN (a Latin word, either from abdere, to hide, or from a form adipomen, from adeps, fat)

abdomen . Their See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food appears for the most See also:

• PART

part to be of a See also:

• VEGETABLE

vegetable nature . Some species, however, are alleged to be carnivorous, and a See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• AMERICAN

American See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of the genus Hydropsyche is said to spin around the mouth of its burrow a silken See also:

• NET

net for the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of small See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal organisms living in the water . Before passing into the pupal See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage, the larva partially closes the orifice of the tube with silk or pieces of See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone loosely spun together and pervious to water . Through this temporary See also:

• PROTECTION

protection the active pupa, which closely resembles the mature insect, subsequently bites a way by means of its strong mandibles, and rising to the See also:

• SURFACE

surface of the water casts the pupal integument and becomes sexually adult . The above See also:

• SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

sketch may be regarded as descriptive of the See also:

• LIFE

life-See also:

• HISTORY

history of a great See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority of species of caddis-flies . It is only necessary here to mention one anomalous form, Enoicyla pusilla, in which the mature See also:

• FEMALE

female is wingless and the larva is terrestrial, living in See also:

• MOSS

moss or decayed leaves . Caddis-flies are universally distributed . Geologically they are known to date back to the Oligocene See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, and wings believed to be referable to them have been found in Liassic and See also:

• JURASSIC

Jurassic beds . (R .

I .