See also:

• CAERE (mod. Cerveteri, i.e. Caere vetus, see below)

CAERE (mod. Cerveteri, i.e. Caere vetus, see below)  , an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of See also:

• ETRURIA

Etruria about 5 M. from the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast and about 20 M . N.W. of See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, See also:

• DIRECT

direct from which it was reached by See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch roads from the Via See also:

• AURELIA, VIA

Aurelia and Via See also:

• CLODIA, VIA

Clodia . Ancient writers tell us that its See also:

• ORIGINAL

original Pelasgian name was Agylla, and that the Etruscans took it and called it See also:

• CAERE (mod. Cerveteri, i.e. Caere vetus, see below)

Caere (when this occurred is not known), 1 A See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone well adapted for See also:

• BUILDING

building . It was well known in the 15th and 16th centuries, at which See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period many See also:

• ENGLISH

English churches were built of it . but the former name lasted on into later times as well as Caere . It was one of the twelve cities of Etruria, and its See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade, through its See also:

• PORT

port See also:

• PYRGOS

Pyrgos (q.v.), was of considerable importance . It fought with Rome in the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of Tarquinus See also:

• PRISCUS

Priscus and Servius Tullius, and subsequently became the See also:

• REFUGE

refuge of the expelled Tarquins . After the invasion of the Gauls in 390 B.c., the vestal virgins and the sacred See also:

• OBJECTS

objects in their custody were conveyed to Caere for safety, and from this fact some ancient authorities derive the word caerimonia, ceremony . A treaty was made between Rome and Caere in the same See also:

• YEAR

year . In 353, however, Caere took up arms against Rome out of friendship for See also:

• TARQUINII (mod. Corneto Tarquinia, q.v.)

Tarquinii, but was defeated, and it is probably at this time that it became partially incorporated with the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state, as a community whose members enjoyed only a restricted See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of Roman citizenship, without the right to a See also:

• VOTE

vote, and which was, further, without See also:

• INTERNAL

internal See also:

• AUTONOMY (Gr. abr6s, self, and v6pos, law)

autonomy . The status is known as the ius Caeritum, and Caere was the first of a class of such municipalities (Th . See also:

• MOMMSEN, THEODOR (1817–1903)

Mommsen, Romische Slaatsrecht, iii .

583) . In the First Punic See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War, Caere furnished Rome with See also:

• CORN (a common Teutonic word; cf. Lat. granum, seed, grain)
• CORN (fromm Lat. corms, horn)

corn and provisions, but other-See also:

• WISE, HENRY ALEXANDER (1806-1876)
• WISE, ISAAC MAYER (1819-1900)

wise, up till the end of the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

Republic, we only hear of prodigies being observed at Caere and reported at Rome, the Etruscans being especially See also:

• EXPERT (Lat. expertus, from experiri, to try)

expert in augural See also:

• LORE
• LORE, AMBROISE DE (1396-1446)

lore . By the time of See also:

• AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus its See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population had actually fallen behind that of the See also:

• AQUAE (Lat. for "waters'')

Aquae Caeretanae (the See also:

• SULPHUR

sulphur springs now known as the Bagni del Sasso, about 5 M . W.), but under either Augustus or Tiberius its prosperity was to a certain extent restored, and See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions speak of its municipal officials (the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of them called See also:

• DICTATOR (from the Lat. dictare, frequentative of dicere, to speak)

dictator) and its See also:

• TOWN

town See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council, which had the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of senatus . In the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages, however, it sank. in importance, and See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in the 13th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, a See also:

• PART

part of the inhabitants founded Caere novum (mod . Ceri) 3 M. to the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east . The town See also:

• LAY

lay on a See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill of tufa, See also:

• RUNNING

running from N.E. to S.W., isolated except on the N.E., and about 300 ft. above sea-level . The See also:

• MODERN

modern town, at the western extremity, probably occupies the site of the See also:

• ACROPOLIS (Gr. aKpos, top, a6)Xts, city)

acropolis . The See also:

• LINE

line of the city walls, of rectangular blocks of tufa, can be traced, and there seem to have been eight See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates in the See also:

• CIRCUIT (Lat. circuitus, from circum, round, and ire, to go)

circuit, which was about 4 m. in length . There are no remains of buildings of importance, except the See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre, in which many inscriptions and statues of emperors were found . The See also:

• NECROPOLIS

necropolis in the hill to the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west, known as the Banditaccia, is important . The See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb See also:

• CHAMBERS (the Fr. chambre, from Lat. camera, a room)
• CHAMBERS, EPHRAIM (d. 1740)
• CHAMBERS, GEORGE (1803-1840)
• CHAMBERS, ROBERT (18oz-1871)
• CHAMBERS, SIR WILLIAM (1726-1796)

chambers are either hewn in the See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock or covered by mounds .

One of the former class was the See also:

• FAMILY

family tomb of the Tarchna-Tarquinii, perhaps descended from the Roman See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings; others are interesting from their architectural and decorative details . One especially, the Grotta dei Bassirilievi, has interesting reliefs cut in the rock and painted, while the walls of another were decorated with painted tiles of See also:

• TERRACOTTA

terracotta . The most important tomb of all, the Regolini-Galassi tomb (taking its name from its discoverers), which lies S.W. of the ancient city, is a narrow rock-hewn chamber about 6o ft. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, lined with See also:

• MASONRY

masonry, the sides converging to form the roof . The objects found in it (a See also:

• CHARIOT (derived from an O. Fr. word, formed from char, a car)

chariot, a See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed, See also:

• SILVER

silver goblets with reliefs, See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold ornaments, &c.) are now in the See also:

• ETRUSCAN

Etruscan Museum at the Vatican: they are attributed to about the middle of the 7th century B.C . At a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short distance from the modern town on the west, thousands of votive terracottas were found in 1886, some representing divinities, others parts of the human See also:

• BODY

body (Notizie degli Scavi, 1886, 38) . They must have belonged to some See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple . See G . See also:

• DENNIS, JOHN (1657—1734)

Dennis, Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria, i . 226 seq . ; C . Hiilsen in Pauly-Wissowa, Realencyclopadie, iii . 1281 .

(T .