CAGOTS  , a See also:

• PEOPLE

people found in the . Basque provinces, See also:

• BEAM
• BEAM (from the O. Eng. beam, cf. Ger. Baum, a tree, to which sense may be referred the use of " beam " as meaning the rood or crucifix, and the survival in certain names of trees, as horn-beam)

Beam, See also:

• GASCONY (Wasconia)

Gascony and See also:

• BRITTANY

Brittany . The earliest mention of them is in 1288, when they appear to have been called Christiens or Christianos . In the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century they had many names, Cagots, Gahets, Gafets in See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France; Agotes, Gafos in See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain; and Cacons, Cahets, Caqueux and Caquins in Brittany . During the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages they were popularly looked upon as cretins, lepers, heretics and even as cannibals . They were shunned and hated; were allotted See also:

• SEPARATE

separate quarters in towns, called cagoteries, and lived in wretched huts in the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country distinct from the villages . Excluded from all See also:

• POLITICAL

political and social rights, they were only allowed to enter a See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church by a See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• DOOR (corresponding to the Gr. Bbpa,. Lat. fores or valvae; the English word, with other forms common in allied languages, comes from the same Indo-European stem as the Gr. Obpa and Lat. fares)

door, and during the service a See also:

• RAIL

rail separated them from the other worshippers . Either they were altogether forbidden to partake of the See also:

• SACRAMENT

sacrament, or the See also:

• HOLY

holy See also:

• WAFER

wafer was handed to them on the end of a stick, while a receptacle for holy See also:

• WATER

water was reserved for their exclusive use . They were compelled to See also:

• WEAR

wear a distinctive See also:

• DRESS (from the Fr. dresser, to set out, arrange, formed from Lat. directus, arranged, dirigere, to direct, arrange)

dress, to which, in some places, was attached the See also:

• FOOT

foot of a See also:

• GOOSE (a common Teut. word, O. Eng. gOs, pl. ges, Ger. Gans, O. Norse gas, from Aryan root, ghans, whence Sans. hansa, Lat. anser (for hanser)
• GOOSE (GAME OF)

goose or See also:

• DUCK

duck (whence they were sometimes called Canards) . And so pestilential was their See also:

• TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

touch considered that it was a See also:

• CRIME (Lat. crimen, accusation)

crime for them to walk the See also:

• COMMON

common road barefooted . Theonly trades allowed them were those of See also:

• BUTCHER

butcher and See also:

• CARPENTER, LANT (1780-1840)
• CARPENTER, MIRY (1807-1877)
• CARPENTER, WILLIAM BENJAMIN (1813-1885)

carpenter, and their See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary occupation was See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood-cutting . Their See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language is merely a corrupt See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of that spoken around them; but a See also:

• TEUTONIC
• TEUTONIC (GERMANIC) LANGUAGES

Teutonic origin seems to be indicated by their See also:

• FAIR

fair complexions and See also:

• BLUE (common in different forms to most European languages)

blue eyes .

Their crania have a normal development; their cheek-bones are high; their noses prominent, with large nostrils; their lips straight; and they are marked by the See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence of the auricular lobules . The origin of the Cagots is undecided . See also:

• LITTRE, MAXIMILIEN PAUL SMILE (1801-1881)

Littre defines them as " a people of the See also:

• PYRENEES [Span. Pirineos, Fr. Pyrenees]

Pyrenees affected with a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of See also:

• CRETINISM

cretinism." It has been suggested that they were descendants of the Visigoths, and See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

Michael derives the name from carts (See also:

• DOG

dog) and Goth . But opposed to this See also:

• ETYMOLOGY (Gr. grvµos, true, and X6yos, "account)

etymology is the fact that the word cage' is first found in the for of Beam not earlier than 1551 . See also:

• MARCA, PIERRE DE (1594-1662)

Marca, in his Histoire de Beam, holds that the word signifies " hunters of the Goths," and that the Cagots are descendants of the See also:

• SARACENS

Saracens . Others made them descendants of the Albigenses . The old See also:

• MSS

MSS. See also:

• CALL (from Anglo-Saxon ceallian, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch kallen, to talk or chatter)

call them Chretiens or Chrestiaas,and from this it has been argued that they were Visigoths who originally lived as Christians among the Gascon pagans . A far more probable explanation of their name " Chretiens " is to be found in the fact that in See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval times all lepers were known as pauperes Christi, and that, Goths or not, these Cagots were affected in the middle ages with a particular form of leprosy or a See also:

• CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

condition resembling it . Thus would arise the confusion between Christians and Cretins . To-See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day their descendants are not more subject to See also:

• GOITRE (from Lat. guttur, the throat; synonyms, Bronchocele, Derbyshire Neck)

goitre and cretinism than those dwelling around them, and are recognized by tradition and not by features or See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical degeneracy . It was not until the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French Revolution that any steps were taken to ameliorate their See also:

• LOT
• LOT (Lat. Oltis)

lot, but to-day they no longer form a class, but have been practically lost sight of in the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general peasantry . See Francisque See also:

• MICHEL
• MICHEL, CLAUDE
• MICHEL, FRANCISQUE XAVIER (1809-1887)

Michel, Histoire See also:

• DES

des races maudites de France et d'Espagne (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1846) ; See also:

• ABBE (Serbo-Croatian Rai))

Abbe Venuti, Recherches sur See also:

• LES

les Cahets de See also:

• BORDEAUX

Bordeaux (1754) ; Bulletins de la societe anthropologique (1861, 1867, 1868, 1871) ; Annales medico-psychologiques (See also:

• JAN

Jan .

1867) ; Lagneau, Questionnaire sur l'ethnologie de la France; See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul See also:

• RAYMOND, HENRY JARVIS (1820-1869)

Raymond, Mceurs bearnaises (See also:

• PAU

Pau, 1872) ; V. de Rochas, Les Parias de France el d'Espagne (Cagots et Bohemiens) (Paris, 1877) ; J . Hack See also:

• TUKE

Tuke, Jour . Anthropological See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

Institute (vol. ix., I88o) .