CAHORS  , a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-western See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

• LOT
• LOT (Lat. Oltis)

Lot, 70 M . N. of See also:

• TOULOUSE
• TOULOUSE, LOUIS ALEXANDRE DE BOURBON, COUNT OF (1678-1737)

Toulouse, on the railway between that city and See also:

• LIMOGES

Limoges . Pop . (1906) 10,047 . Cahors stands on the right See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• RIVER

river Lot, occupying a rocky See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula formed by a See also:

• BEND

bend in the stream . It is divided into two portions by the See also:

• BOULEVARD (a Fr. word, earlier boulevart, from Dutch or Ger. Bollwerk, cf. Eng. " bulwark ")

Boulevard See also:

• GAMBETTA, LEON (1838-1882)

Gambetta, which runs from the See also:

• PONT (or KYLPONT), ROBERT (1524–1606)

Pont See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis Philippe on the south to within a. See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short distance of the fortified See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall of the 14th and 15th centuries enclosing the See also:

• TOWN

town on the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north . To the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east lies the old town, with its dark narrow streets and closely-packed houses ; See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of the Boulevard a newer See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter, with spacious squares and promenades; stretches to the bank of the river . Cahors communicates with the opposite See also:

• SHORE

shore by three See also:

• BRIDGES
• BRIDGES, ROBERT (1844– )

bridges . One of these, the Pont Valentre to the west of the town, is the finest fortified See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge of the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages in France . It is a structure of the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early 14th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, restored in the 19th century, and is defended at either end by high machicolated towers, another See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower, less elaborate, surmounting the centre See also:

• PIER (older forms per or Pere, from Med. Lat. pera; the word for piers out of water. For river piers, where a firm, watertight is of obscure origin, and the connexion with Fr. Pierre, Lat. stratum is found at a moderate depth below the river-bed, the pctr

pier . The east bridge, the Pont Neuf, also See also:

• DATES

dates from the 14th century . The See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral of St See also:

• ETIENNE, CHARLES GUILLAUME (1778-1845)

Etienne stands in the See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart of the old town .

It dates from the 12th century, but was entirely restored in the 13th century . Its exterior, for the most See also:

• PART

part severe in See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance, is relieved by some See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• SCULPTURE
• SCULPTURE (Lat. sculptura, from sculpere, to carve, cognate with Gr. yXb4ew)

sculpture, that of the north portal being especially remarkable . The See also:

• NAVE

nave, which is without aisles, is surmounted by two cupolas; its interior is whitewashed and See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain in appearance, while the See also:

• CHOIR (0. Fr. cuer from Lat. chorus; pronounced quire, and until the end of the 17th century so spelt, the spelling being altered to agree with the Fr. chceur)

choir is decorated with See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval paintings . Adjoining the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church to the south-east there are remains of a See also:

• CLOISTER (Lat. claustrum; Fr. cloitre; Ital. chiostro; Span. claustro; Ger. Kloster)

cloister built from 1494 to 1509 . St Urcisse, the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of the other ecclesiastical buildings, stands near the cathedral . Dating from the 12th and 13th centuries, it preserves Romanesque capitals recarved in the 14th century . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal of the See also:

• CIVIL

civil buildings is the See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace of See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John XXII., built at the beginning of the 14th century; a massive square tower is still See also:

• STANDING

standing, but the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest is in ruins . The See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence of the seneschals of See also:

• QUERCY (Lat. pagus Caturcinus, Fr. Cahorsin)

Quercy, a See also:

• BUILDING

building of the 14th to the 17th centuries, known as the Logis du Roi, also remains . The chief of the old houses, of which there are many in Cahors, is one of the 15th century, known as the Maison d'See also:

• HENRI

Henri IV . Most of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state buildings are See also:

• MODERN

modern, with the exception of the prefecture which occupies the old episcopal palace, and the old See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent and the Jesuit See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college in which the Lycee Gambetta is established . The See also:

• PORTE, THE SUBLIME (Arab. babi-'ali, the high gate, through the French translation la sublime porte)

Porte de Diane is a large archway of the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, probably the entrance to the See also:

• BATHS

baths . Of the commemorative monuments, the finest is that erected in the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

Place d'Armes to Gambetta, who was a native of the town .

There is also a statue of the poet See also:

• CLEMENT (Lat. Clemens, i.e. merciful; Gr. K)4gs)
• CLEMENT, FRANCOIS (1714-1793)
• CLEMENT, JACQUES (1567-1589)

Clement See also:

• MAROT
• MAROT, DANIEL (seventeenth century)

Marot, See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Cahors in 1496 . Cahors is the seat of a bishopric, a See also:

• PREFECT (prefet)

prefect and a See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of assizes . It has tribunals of first instance and of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce, a chamber of commerce and a See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the Bank of France . There are also training colleges, a lycee, a communal college for girls, an ecclesiastical See also:

• SEMINARY (Lat. seminarium, from semen, seed)

seminary, a library, museum and See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital . The manufacture of See also:

• FARM

farm implements, tanning, See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool-See also:

• SPINNING (from O. Eng. spinnen, to spin, cf. Ger. spinnen, &c., the Teut. root is seen, to draw out, cf. span, spider)

spinning, See also:

• METAL
• METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)

metal-See also:

• FOUNDING (from Lat. fundere, to pour)

founding, distilling and the preparation of pate de foie gran and other delicacies are carried on . See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

Wine, nuts, oil of nuts,' See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco, truffles and plums are leading articles of commerce . See also:

• HISTORY

History.—Before the Roman See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest, Cahors, which See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew up near the sacred See also:

• FOUNTAIN (Late Lat. fontana, from ions, a spring)

fountain of Divona (now known as the See also:

• FONTAINE, PIERRE FRANCOIS LEONARD (1762-1853)

Fontaine See also:

• DES

des Chartreux), was the capital of the Cadurci . Under the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans it enjoyed a prosperity partly due to its manufacture of See also:

• CLOTH

cloth and of mattresses, which were exported even to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome . The first See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of Cahors, St Genulfus, appears to have lived in the 3rd century . In the middle ages the town was the capital of Quercy, and its territory until after the Albigensian Crusade was a See also:

• FIEF

fief of the See also:

• COUNTS

counts of Toulouse . The seigniorial rights, including that of coining See also:

• MONEY

money, belonged to the bishops . In the 13th century Cahors was a See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial centre of much importance owing to its See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony of Lombard bankers, and the name cahorsin consequently came to signify " banker " or " usurer." At the beginning of the century a See also:

• COMMUNE (Med. Lat. communia, Lat. communis, common)
• COMMUNE, MEDIEVAL

commune was organized in the town .

Its See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant opposition to the bishops drove them, in 1316, to come to an arrangement with, the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, by which the See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration of the town was placed almost entirely in the hands of royal See also:

• OFFICERS

officers, king and bishop being co-seigneurs . This arrangement survived till the Revolution . In 1331 Pope John XXII., a native of Cahors, founded there a university, which afterwards numbered Jacques See also:

• CUJAS (or. Cujacrus), JACQUES (or as he called himself, JACQUES DE CUJAS) (1520-1590)

Cujas among its teachers and See also:

• FRANCOIS (1558-1614)

Francois See also:

• FENELON, BERTRAND DE SALIGNAC

Fenelon among its students . It flourished till 1751, when it was See also:

• UNITED

united to its See also:

• RIVAL

rival the university of Toulouse.-CAILLIE During the See also:

• HUNDRED

Hundred Years' See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War, Cahors, Iike the rest of Quercy, consistently resisted the See also:

• ENGLISH

English occupation, from which it was relieved in 1428 . In the 16th century it belonged to the viscounts of See also:

• BEAM
• BEAM (from the O. Eng. beam, cf. Ger. Baum, a tree, to which sense may be referred the use of " beam " as meaning the rood or crucifix, and the survival in certain names of trees, as horn-beam)

Beam, but remained See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic and See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose against See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry of See also:

• NAVARRE (Span. Navarra)

Navarre who took it by See also:

• ASSAULT (from Lat. ad, to or on, and saltare, to leap)

assault in 1580 . On his See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession Henry IV. punished the town by depriving it of its privileges as a wines See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market; the loss of these was the chief cause of its decline .