BENEDETTO See also:

• BENEDETTO CAIROLI (1825-1889)

CAIROLI (1825-1889)  , See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian statesman, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• PAVIA (anc. Ticinum, q.v.)

Pavia on the 28th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1825 . From 1848 until the completion of Italian unity in 187o, his whole activity was devoted to the Risorgimento, as Garibaldian officer, See also:

• POLITICAL

political refugee, See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian conspirator and See also:

• DEPUTY (through the Fr. from a Late Lat. use of deputare, to cut off, allot; putare having the original sense of to trim, prune)

deputy to See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament . He commanded a volunteer See also:

• COMPANY

company under See also:

• GARIBALDI, GIUSEPPE (1807-1882)

Garibaldi in 18J9 and 186o, being wounded slightly at See also:

• CALATAFIMI

Calatafimi and severely at See also:

• PALERMO (Greek, Havopuos; Latin, Panhormus, Panormus)

Palermo in the latter See also:

• YEAR

year . In 1866, with the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel, he assisted Garibaldi in See also:

• TIROL (or TYROL 1)

Tirol, in 1867 fought at Mentana, and in 187o conducted the negotiations with See also:

• BISMARCK
• BISMARCK, OTTO EDUARD LEOPOLD VON, PRINCE

Bismarck, during which the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor is alleged to have promised See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome and of her natural frontiers if the Democratic party could prevent an See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance between See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

Victor See also:

• EMMANUEL, or IMMANUEL

Emmanuel and See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon . The See also:

• PRESTIGE

prestige personally acquired by Benedetto See also:

• CAIROLI, BENEDETTO (1825-1889)

Cairoli was augmented by that of his four See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers, who See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell during the See also:

• WARS

wars of Risorgimento, and by the heroic conduct of their See also:

• MOTHER

mother . His refusal of all See also:

• COMPENSATION (from Lat. compensare, to weigh one thing against another)

compensation or distinction further endeared him to the Italian See also:

• PEOPLE

people: When in 1876 the See also:

• LEFT

Left came into See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power, Cairoli, then a deputy of sixteen years' See also:

• STANDING

standing, became See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of his party, and, after the fall of See also:

• DEPRETIS, AGOSTINO (1813-1887)

Depretis, See also:

• NICOTERA, GIOVANNI (1828-1894)

Nicotera and See also:

• CRISPI, FRANCESCO (1819-1901)

Crispi, formed his first See also:

• CABINET

cabinet in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1878 with a Francophil and Irredentist policy . After his See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage with the countess Elena Sizzo of See also:

• TRENT
• TRENT (Lat. Tridentum; Ital. Trento; Ger. relent)
• TRENT, COUNCIL OF

Trent, he permitted the Irredentist agitation to carry the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country to the See also:

• VERGE (Lat. virga, a rod)

verge of a See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war with See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria . See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General irritation was caused by his and See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count See also:

• CORTI, LODOVICO, COUNT (1823–1888)

Corti's policy of " clean hands " at the See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

Congress, where Italy obtained nothing, while Austria-See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary secured a See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• MANDATE (Mandatum)

mandate to occupy Bosnia and the Herzegovina . A few months later the See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt of Passanante to assassinate See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• HUMBERT, RANIERI CARLO EMANUELE GIOVANNI MARIA FERDINANDO EUGENIO, KING OF ITALY (1844-1900)

Humbert at See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples (12th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1878) caused his downfall, in spite of the courage displayed and the severe See also:

• WOUND (O. Eng. wund,connected with a Teutonic verb, meaning to strive, fight, suffer, seen in O. Eng. winnan, whence Eng. " win ")

wound received by him in protecting the king's See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person on that occasion . On the 3rd of See also:

• JULY

July 1879 Cairoli returned to power, and in the following See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November formed with Depretis a See also:

• COALITION (Lat. coalitio, the verbal substantive of coalescere, to grow together)

coalition See also:

• MINISTRY

ministry, in which he retained the premiership and the See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office . Confidence in See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French assurances, and belief that See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain would never permit the See also:

• EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension of French See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence in See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, prevented him from foreseeing the French occupation of See also:

• TUNIS

Tunis (11th of May 1881) . In view of popular indignation he resigned in See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order to avoid making inopportune declarations to the chamber .

Thenceforward he practically disappeared from political See also:

• LIFE

life . In 1887 he received the See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight-See also:

• HOOD,
• HOOD, JOHN BELL (1831–1879)
• HOOD, SAMUEL HOOD, VISCOUNT (1724–1816)
• HOOD, SIR SAMUEL (1762-1814)
• HOOD, THOMAS (1799-1845)
• HOOD, TOM (1835–1874)

hood of the Annunziata, the highest Italian decoration, and on the 8th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1889 died while a See also:

• GUEST (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Gast, and Swed. gust; cognate with Lat. hostis, originally a stranger, hence enemy; cf. " host " )
• GUEST, EDWIN (1800–188o)

guest of King Humbert in the royal See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace of Capodimonte near Naples . Cairoli was one of the most conspicuous representatives of that type of Italian public men who, having conspired and fought for a See also:

• GENERATION (from Lat. generare, to beget, procreate; genus, stock, race)

generation in the cause of See also:

• NATIONAL

national unity, were despite their valour little fitted for the responsible parliamentary and See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official positions they subsequently attained; and who by their See also:

• IGNORANCE (Lat. ignorantia, from ignorare, not to know); want of knowledge, a state of mind which in law has important consequences. A well-known legal maxim runs: ignorantia juris non excusat ("ignorance of the law does not excuse")

ignorance of foreign affairs and of See also:

• INTERNAL

internal See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration unwittingly impeded the political development of their country .