CAJAMARCA, or CAXAMARCA  , a city of northern Peru, capital of a department and province of the same name, go m . E. by N. of Pacasmayo, its port on the Pacific coast . Pop . (1906, estimate) of the department, 333,310; of the city, 9000 . The city is situated in an elevated valley between the Central and Western Cordilleras, 9400 ft. above sea level, and on the Eriznejas, a small tributary of the Maranon . The streets are wide and cross at right angles; the houses are generally low and built of clay . Among the notable public buildings are the old parish church built at the expense of Charles II. of Spain, the church of San Antonio, a Franciscan monastery, a nunnery, and the remains of the palace of Atahualpa, the Inca ruler whom Pizarro treacherously captured and executed in this place in 1533 . The hot sulphur springs of Pultamarca, called the Banos del Inca (Inca's baths) are a short distance east of the city and are still frequented . Cajamarca is an important commercial and manufacturing town, being the distributing centre for a large inland region, and having long-established manufactures of woollen and linen goods, and of metal work, leather, etc . It is the seat of one of the seven superior courts of the republic, and is connected with the coast by telegraph and telephone . A railway has been under-taken from Pacasmayo, on the coast, to Cajamarca, and by 1908 was completed as far as Yonan, 6o m. from its starting-point . The department of Cajamarca lies between the Western and Central Cordilleras and extends from the frontier of Ecuador S. to about 7° S. iat., having the departments of Piura and Lambayeque on the W. and Amazonas on the E .

Its

area according to official returns is 12,542 sq. m . The upper Maranon traverses the department from S. to N . The department is an elevated region, well watered with a large number of small streams whose waters eventually find their way through the Amazon into the Atlantic . Many of its productions are of the temperate zone, and considerable attention is given to cattle-raising . Coal is found in the province of Hualgayoc at the southern extremity of the department, which is also one of the rich silver-mining districts of Peru . Next to its capital the most important town of the department is Cajamarquilla, whose population was about 6000 in 1906 .