See also:

• CALABAR (or OLD CALABAR)

CALABAR (or OLD CALABAR)  , a seaport of See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa in the See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• PROTECTORATE

protectorate of See also:

• SOUTHERN

Southern See also:

• NIGERIA

Nigeria, on the See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• CALABAR (or OLD CALABAR)

Calabar See also:

• RIVER

river in 4° 56' N., 8° 18' E., 5 M. above the point where the river falls into the Calabar See also:

• ESTUARY (from the Lat. aestuarium, a place reached by aestus, the tide)

estuary of the Gulf of See also:

• GUINEA

Guinea . Pop. about 15,000 . It is the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the eastern See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of the protectorate, and is in See also:

• REGULAR

regular steamship and telegraphic communication with See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . From the See also:

• BEACH

beach, where are the business houses and customs See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office, rise cliffs of moderate See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation, and on the sides or summits of the hills are the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal buildings, such as See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

Government See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House, the See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital and the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of the Presbyterian See also:

• MISSION

mission . The valley between the hills is occupied by the native See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter, called See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

Duke See also:

• TOWN

Town . Here are several See also:

• FINE

fine houses in See also:

• BUNGALOW (an Anglo-Indian word from the Hindustani bangld,belonging to Bengal)

bungalow See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style, the residences of the chiefs or wealthy natives . Along the river front runs a See also:

• TRAMWAY

tramway connecting Duke Town with See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen Beach, which is higher up and provided with excellent See also:

• QUAY
• QUAY, MATTHEW STANLEY (1833-1904)

quay See also:

• ACCOMMODATION (Lat. accommodare, to make fit, from ad, to, cum, with, and modus, measure)

accommodation . Among the public institutions are government botanical gardens, See also:

• PRIMARY

primary See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools and a high school . Palms, mangos and other trees grow luxuriantly in the gardens and open spaces, and give the town a picturesque setting . The See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade is very largely centred in the export of See also:

• PALM (Lat. palma, Gr. iraX6.jn )
• PALM, JOHANN PHILIPP (1768-1806)

palm oil and palm kernels and the import of See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton goods and See also:

• SPIRITS

spirits, mostly See also:

• GIN

gin . (See NIGERIA for trade returns.) Calabar was the name given by the Portuguese discoverers of the 15th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century to the tribes on this See also:

• PART

part of the Guinea See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast at the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of their arrival, when as yet the See also:

• PRESENT

present inhabitants were unknown in the See also:

• DISTRICT

district . It was not till the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early part of the 18th century that the Efik, owing to See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war with their kindred and the Ibibio, migrated from the neighbourhood of the See also:

• NIGER
• NIGER, GAIUS PESCENNIUS

Niger to the shores of the river Calabar, and established themselves at Ikoritungko or See also:

• CREEK
• CREEK (Mid. Eng. crike or creke, common to many N. European languages)

Creek Town, a spot 4 M. higher up the river .

To get a better See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share in the European trade a.t the mouth of the river a See also:

• BODY

body of colonists migrated further down and built Obutong or Old Town, and shortly afterwards a See also:

• RIVAL

rival See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony established itself at Aqua Akpa or Duke Town, which thus formed the See also:

• NUCLEUS (Lat. for the kernal of a nut, nux, the stone of fruit)

nucleus of the existing town . The native inhabitants are still mainly Efik . They are pure negroes . They have been for several generations the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle men between the See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white traders on the coast and the inland tribes of the See also:

• CROSS

Cross river and Calabar district . See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• MISSIONS (Lat. missio, a sending)

missions have been at See also:

• WORK

work among the Efiks since the middle of the 19th century . Many of the natives are well educated, profess See also:

• CHRISTIANITY

Christianity and See also:

• DRESS (from the Fr. dresser, to set out, arrange, formed from Lat. directus, arranged, dirigere, to direct, arrange)

dress in European See also:

• FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion . A powerful See also:

• BOND
• BOND, SIR EDWARD AUGUSTUS (1815-1898)

bond of See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union among the Efik, and one that gives them considerable See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence over other tribes, is the See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret society known as the See also:

• EGBO

Egbo (q.v.) . The chiefs of Duke Town and other places in the neighbourhood placed themselves in 1884 under British See also:

• PROTECTION

protection . From that date until 1906 Calabar was the headquarters of the European See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration in the Niger See also:

• DELTA (from the shape of the Gr. letter A, delta, originally used of the mouth of the Nile)

delta . In 1906 the seat of government was removed to See also:

• LAGOS

Lagos . Until 1904 Calabar was generally, and officially, known as Old Calabar, to distinguish it from New Calabar, the name of a river and See also:

• PORT

port about too m. to the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east . Since the date mentioned the See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official style is Calabar simply .

Calabar estuary is mainly formed by the Cross river (q.v.), but receives also the See also:

• WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters of the Calabar and other streams . The Rio del Rey creek at the eastern end of the estuary marks the boundary between (British) Nigeria and (See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German) Cameroon . The estuary is to to 12 M. broad at its mouth and maintains the same breadth for about 30 M .