Online Encyclopedia

CALATAYUD

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 968 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CALATAYUD  , a

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town of central Spain, in the province of Saragossa, at the confluence of the rivers Jalen and Jiloca, and on the
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Madrid-Saragossa and Calatayfid-Sagunto
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railways . Pop . (1900) 11,526 . Calatayud consists of a
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lower town, built on the
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left
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bank of the Jalbn, and an upper or Moorish town, which contains many dwellings hollowed out of the rock above and inhabited by the poorer classes . Among a number of ecclesiastical buildings, two collegiate churches are especially note-worthy .
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Santa Maria, originally a mosque, has a lofty octagonal tower and a
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fine Renaissance doorway, added in 1528; while Santo Sepulcro, built in 1141, and restored in 1613, was long the
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principal church of the
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Spanish Knights Templar . In commercial importance Calatayud ranks second only to Saragossa among the Aragonese towns, for it is the central market of the exceptionally fertile expanse watered by the Jal6n and Jiloca . About 2 m . E. are the ruins of the ancient Bilbilis, where the poet Martial was born c . A.D . 40 . It was celebrated for its breed of horses, its armourers, its gold and its iron; but Martial also mentions its unhealthy
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climate, due to the icy winds which sweep down fromthe heights of Moncayo (7705 ft.) on the north .

In the

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middle ages the ruins were almost destroyed to provide stone for the
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building of Calatayud, which was founded by a Moorish amir named Ayub and named
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Kalat Ayub, " Castle of Ayub." Calatayid was captured by
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Alphonso I. of Aragon in 1119 .

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