CALDER  , an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• DISTRICT

district of Midlothian, See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland . It has been divided into the parishes of See also:

• MID

Mid-Calder (pop. in See also:

• ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
• ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )

root 3132) and See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West- Calder (pop . 8092), See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East-Calder belonging to the See also:

• PARISH (Gr. irapouda, district, neighbourhood; 7r&poucos, one dwelling near or beside, from crap&, OtKOS, house; Lat. paroecur, Late Lat. parochia; cf. Fr. paroisse)

parish of Kirknewton (pop . 3221) . The whole locality owes much of its commercial importance and prosperity to the enormous- development of the See also:

• MINERAL

mineral oil See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry . See also:

• COAL

Coal-See also:

• MINING

mining is also extensively pursued, See also:

• SANDSTONE

sandstone and See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone are worked, and See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper. See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills flourish . Mid-Calder, a See also:

• TOWN

town on the See also:

• ALMOND (from the O. Fr. almande or alemande, late Lat. amandola, derived through a form amingdola from the Gr. l uybian, an almond; the al- for a- is probably due to a confusion with the Arabic article al, the word having first dropped the a- as in the It

Almond (pop . 703), has an ancient See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church, and See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Spottiswood (1510-1585), the Scottish reformer, was for many years See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister . His sons—John, See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of St See also:

• ANDREWS, JAMES PETTIT (c. 1737–1797)
• ANDREWS, THOMAS (1813–1885)

Andrews, and See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James (1567-1645), See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• CLOGHER

Clogher—were both See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Mid-Calder . West-Calder is situated on Breich See also:

• WATER

Water, an affluent of the Almond, 151 m . S.W. of See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh by the Caledonian railway, and is the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief centre of the district . Pop .

(1901) 2652 . At Addiewell, about 11 m . S.W., the manufacture of See also:

• AMMONIA (NH3)

ammonia, See also:

• NAPHTHA

naphtha, See also:

• PARAFFIN

paraffin oil and candles is carried on, the See also:

• VILLAGE

village practically dating from 1866, and having in 1901 a See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population cif 1591 . The Highland and Agricultural Society have an experimental See also:

• FARM

farm at Pumpherston (pop . 1462) . The district contains several tumuli, old ruined castles and a See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp in See also:

• FAIR

fair preservation .