RODRIGO See also:

• RODRIGO CALDERON (d. 1621), COUNT OF OLIVA AND MARQUES DE LAS SIETE IGLESIAS

CALDERON (d. 1621), See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

COUNT OF See also:

• OLIVA, FERNAN PEREZ DE (1492?-1530)

OLIVA AND MARQUES DE See also:

• LAS

LAS SIETE See also:

• IGLESIAS

IGLESIAS  , See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish favourite and adventurer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• ANTWERP
• ANTWERP (Fr. Anvers)

Antwerp . His See also:

• FATHER

father, Francisco Calder6n, a member of a See also:

• FAMILY

family ennobled by See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles V., was a captainin the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army who became afterwards comendador See also:

• MAYOR (Lat. major, greater)
• MAYOR, JOHN EYTON BICKERSTETH (1825– )

mayor of See also:

• ARAGON, or ARRAGON (in Span. Aragon)

Aragon, presumably by the help of his son . The See also:

• MOTHER

mother was a See also:

• FLEMING, PAUL (1609-1640)
• FLEMING, RICHARD (d. 1431)
• FLEMING, SIR SANDFORD (1827- )
• FLEMING, SIR THOMAS (1S44-1613)

Fleming; said by See also:

• CALDERON, RODRIGO (d. 1621), COUNT OF OLIVA AND MARQUES DE LAS SIETE IGLESIAS

Calderon to have been a See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady by, See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth and called by him Maria Sandelin . She is said by others to have been first the See also:

• MISTRESS

mistress and then the wife of Francisco Calder6n . Rodrigo is said to have been born out of wedlock . In 1598 he entered the service of the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• LERMA, FRANCISCO DE SANDOVAL Y ROJAS, DUKE OF (1552–1625)

Lerma as secretary . The See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip III. in that See also:

• YEAR

year made Lerma, who had unbounded See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence over the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain . Calderon, who was active and unscrupulous, made himself the trusted See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent of Lerma .. In the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general scramble for See also:

• WEALTH

wealth among the worthless intriguers who governed in the name of Philip III., . Calderon was conspicuous for greed, audacity and insolence . He was created See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of See also:

• OLIVA, FERNAN PEREZ DE (1492?-1530)

Oliva, a See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

knight of See also:

• SANTIAGO, or SANTIAGO DE CHILE

Santiago, commendador of Ocana in the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order, secretary to the king (secretario de See also:

• CANTATA (Italian for a song or story set to music)

cantata), was loaded with See also:

• PLUNDER

plunder, and made an advantageous See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage with Ines de Vargas . As an insolent upstart he was peculiarly odious to the enemies of Lerma .

Two religious persons, Juan de Sant& Maria, a Franciscan, and See also:

• MARIANA, JUAN DE (1536-1624)

Mariana de See also:

• SAN

San Jose, prioress of - La Encarnacion, worked on the See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen See also:

• MARGARITA

Margarita, by whose influence Calder6n was removed from the secretaryship in 1611 . He, however, retained the favour of Lerma, an indolent See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man to whom Calder6n's activity was indispensable . In 1612 he was sent on a See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• MISSION

mission to See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders, and on his return was made marques de.See also:

• LAS

las Siete See also:

• IGLESIAS

Iglesias in 1614 . When the queen Margarita died in that year in childbirth, Calder6n was accused of having used See also:

• WITCHCRAFT

witchcraft against her . Soon after it became generally known that he had ordered the See also:

• MURDER

murder of one Francisco de Juaras . When Lerma was driven from See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court in 1618 by the intrigues of his own son, the duke of Uceda, and the king's See also:

• CONFESSOR

confessor, the Dominican See also:

• ALIAGA

Aliaga, Calder6n was seized upon as an expiatory victim to satisfy public clamour . He was arrested, despoiled, and on the 7th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1620 was savagely tortured to make him confess to the several charges of murder and See also:

• WITCH

witch-See also:

• CRAFT (a word common to Teutonic languages for strength, or power; cf. Ger. Kraft)

craft brought against him . Calder6n confessed to the murder of Juaras, saying that the man was a pander, and adding that he gave the particular See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason by word of mouth since it was more See also:

• FIT

fit to be spoken than written . He steadfastly denied all the other charges of murder and- the witchcraft . Some See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope of See also:

• PARDON (through the Fr. from Late Lat. perdonare, to remit a debt or other obligation on a penalty)

pardon seems to have remained in his mind till he heard the bells tolling for Philip III. in See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1621 . " He is dead, and I too am dead " was his resigned comment . One of the first See also:

• MEASURES

measures of the new reign was to order his See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution .

Calder6n met his See also:

• FATE

fate firmly and with a show of piety on the 21st of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1621, and this bearing, together with his broken and prematurely aged See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance, turned public sentiment in his favour . The magnificent devotion of his wife helped materially to placate the hatred he had aroused . See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• LYTTON, EDWARD GEORGE EARLE LYTTON, BULWERLYTTON, 1ST BARON (1803-1873)
• LYTTON, EDWARD ROBERT

Lytton made Rodrigo Calder6n the See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

hero of his See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story Calderon the Courtier . See Modests de la Fuente, Historia General Es an"a (See also:

• MADRID

Madrid, 1850-1867), vol. xv. pp . 452 et seq.; Quevedo, Obras (Madrid, 1794), vol. x.—Grandes Anales de See also:

• QUINCE (Lat. Cydonia or Colonea, Ital. Cotogna, Fr. coing, Mid. Eng. coin, quiet, whence a collective plural " quins," corrupted to singular " quince ")

Quince Dias . A curious contemporary See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French pamphlet on him, Histoire admirable et declin pitoyable advenue en la personne d'un fawory de la Cour d'Espagne, is reprinted by M . E . See also:

• FOURNIER
• FOURNIER, PIERRE SIMON (1712-1768)

Fournier in Varie'tes historiques (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1855), vol. i . (D .