See also:

• CALEB (Heb. keleb, " dog ")

CALEB (Heb. keleb, " See also:

• DOG

dog ")  , in the See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible, one of the spies sent by See also:

• MOSES (Gr. Mwvo c, Mcoo-i3s)
• MOSES, ASSUMPTION OF

Moses from Kadesh in See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• PALESTINE

Palestine to See also:

• SPY
• SPY (from " to spy " or " espy"; 0. Fr. espie, espier, to spy, watch; cf. Ger. spdhen, Lat. specere, to look; the Fr. term " espionage "is of course from the same source)

spy out the See also:

• LAND

land of See also:

• CANAAN, CANAANITES

Canaan . For his courage and confidence he alone was rewarded by the promise that he and his See also:

• SEED (from the root seen in Lat. serere, to sow)

seed should obtain a See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession in it (Num. xiii. seq.) . The later tradition includes See also:

• JOSHUA, BOOK OF

Joshua, the See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

hero of the See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest of the land . Subsequently See also:

• CALEB (Heb. keleb, " dog ")

Caleb settled in Kirjath-Arba (See also:

• HEBRON (mod. Khulzl er-Rahman, i.e. " the friend of the Merciful One "—an allusion to Abraham)

Hebron), but the See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of the occupation is variously recorded . Thus (a) Caleb by.himself drove out the Anakites, giants of Hebron, and promised to give his daughter Achsah to the hero who could take Kirjath-Sepher (Debir) . This was accomplished by See also:

• OTHNIEL

Othniel, the See also:

• BROTHER

brother of Caleb (Josh. xv . 14-I9) . Both are "sons" of Kenaz, and Kenaz is an Edomite See also:

• CLAN (Gaelic clann, O. Ir. cland, connected with Lat. planta, shoot or scion, the ancient Gaelic or Goidelic substituting k for p)

clan (Gen. See also:

• XXXVI

xxxvi . Iz, 15, 42) . Elsewhere (b) Caleb the Kenizzite. reminds Joshua of the promise at Kadesh; he asks that he may have the " See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain whereof Yahweh spake," and hopes to drive out the giants from its midst . Joshua blesses him and thus Hebron becomes the See also:

• INHERITANCE

inheritance of Caleb (Josh. xiv . 6-15) .

Further (c) the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of Hebron and Debir is ascribed to See also:

• JUDAH

Judah who'gives them to Caleb (Judg. i . Io seq . 2o) ; and finally (d) these cities are taken by Joshua himself in the course of a See also:

• GREAT

great and successful See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign against South Canaan (Josh. x . 36-39) . Primarily the clan Caleb was settled in the south of Judah but formed an See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent unit (I Sam. See also:

• XXV

xxv., See also:

• XXX

xxx . 14) . Its seat was at See also:

• CARMEL

Carmel, and See also:

• ABIGAIL (Heb. Abigayil, perhaps "father is joy"), or ABIGAL (2 Sam. iii. 3)

Abigail, the wife of the Calebite Nabal, was taken by See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David after her See also:

• HUSBAND

husband's See also:

• DEATH

death . Not until later are the small divisions of the south See also:

• UNITED

united under the name Judah, and this result is reflected in the genealogies where the See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers Caleb and See also:

• JERAHMEEL, (Heb. " May God pity ")

Jerahmeel are called " sons of Hezron " (the name typifies nomadic See also:

• LIFE

life) and become descendants of JUDAIT . Similarly in Num. xiii . 6, xxxiv . 19 (See also:

• POST

post-exilic), Caleb becomes the representative of the tribe of Judah, and also in c (above) Caleb's enterprise was later regarded as the See also:

• WORK

work of the tribe with which it became incorporated. b and d are explained in accordance with the aim of the See also:

• BOOK

book to ascribe to the See also:

• INITIATION (Lat. inilium, beginning, entrance, from mire, to go in)

initiation or the achievements of one See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man the conquest of the whole of Canaan (see JosnuA).' The See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

mount or See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill-See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country in b appears to be that which the Israelites unsuccessfully attempted to take (Num. xiv . 41-45), but according to another old fragment Hormah was the See also:

• SCENE (Fr. scene, Lat. scaena, Gr. oflvil, a tent or booth, a stage or scene)

scene of a victory (Num. xxi .

1-3), and it seems probable that Caleb, at least, was supposed to have pushed his way northward to Hebron . (See JERAHMEEL, See also:

• KENITES

KENITES, See also:

• SIMEON
• SIMEON (or SYMEON) OF DURHAM (d. after 1129)
• SIMEON, JOSEPH JEROME, COMTE (1749–1842)

SIMEON.) The genealogical lists See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place the earliest seats of Caleb in the south of Judah (I Chron. ii . 42 sqq.; Hebron, Maon, &c.) . Another See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers the more northerly towns of Kirjath-jearim, See also:

• BETHLEHEM
• BETHLEHEM (Heb. " House of Bread," or, according to a more questionable etymology, " of [the god] Lakhmu ")

Bethlehem, &c., and adds the " families of the See also:

• SCRIBES

scribes," and the Kenites (ii . 50 seq.) . This second move is characteristically expressed by the statements that Caleb's first wife was Azubah (" abandoned," See also:

• DESERT

desert region)—JeriOth (" See also:

• TENT

tent curtains ") appears to have been another—and that after the death of Hezron he united with Ephrath (v . 24 Bethlehem) . On the details in i Chron. ii., iv., see further, J . See also:

• WELLHAUSEN, JULIUS (1844— )

Wellhausen, De Gent. et Famil . Judaeorum (1869) ; S . See also:

• COOK
• COOK, ALBERT STANBURROUGH (1853– )
• COOK, EDWARD DUTTON (1829–1883)
• COOK, ELIZA (1818–1889)
• COOK, JAMES (1728-1779)
• COOK, THOMAS (1808-1892)

Cook, See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

Critical Notes on 0 . T .

See also:

• HISTORY

History, See also:

• INDEX

Index, s.v.; E . See also:

• MEYER, CHRISTIAN ERICH HERMANN VON (18or-1869)
• MEYER, HEINRICH AUGUST WILHELM (1800-1873)
• MEYER, JULIUS LOTHAR (183o-1895)
• MEYER, KONRAD FERDINAND (1825-1898)
• MEYER, VICTOR (1848-1897)
• MEYER, [MARIE] PAUL HYACINTHE (184o- )

Meyer, Israeliten, pp . 400 sqq.; and the commentaries on See also:

• CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF

Chronicles (q.v.) . (S . A .