CALEDONIAN See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

CANAL  . The See also:

• CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain of fresh-See also:

• WATER

water lakes—Lochs Ness, Oich and Lochy—which stretch along the See also:

• LINE

line of the See also:

• GREAT

Great Glen of See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland in a S.W. direction from See also:

• INVERNESS

Inverness See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early suggested the See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of connecting the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east and See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west coasts of Scotland by a See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

canal which would See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save See also:

• SHIPS

ships about 400 M. of See also:

• COASTING

coasting voyage See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain through the stormy Pentland See also:

• FIRTH, CHARLES HARDING (1857– )
• FIRTH, MARK (1819-1880)

Firth . In 1773 See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• WATT, JAMES (1736-1819)

Watt was employed by the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government to make a survey for such a canal, which again was the subject of an See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report by See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• TELFORD, THOMAS (1757—.1834)

Telford in 18oI . In 1803 an See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act of See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament was passed authorizing the construction of the canal, which was begun forthwith under Telford's direction, and See also:

• TRAFFIC

traffic was started in 1822 . From the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern entrance on See also:

• BEAULY (pronounced Bewley; a corruption of Beaulieu)

Beauly Firth to the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern, near Fort See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William, the See also:

• TOTAL

total length is about 6o m., that of the artificial portion being about 22 M . The number of locks is 28, and their See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard dimensions are: length See also:

• LOO (formerly called " Lanterloo," Fr. lanturlu, the refrain of a popular 17th-century song)

loo ft., breadth 38 ft., water-See also:

• DEPTH

depth 15 ft . Their lift is in See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general about 8 ft., but some of them are for regulating purposes only . A See also:

• FLIGHT

flight of 8 at Corpach, with a total lift of 64 ft., is known as " See also:

• NEPTUNE
• NEPTUNE (Lat. NEPTUNUS)

Neptune's See also:

• STAIRCASE

Staircase." The See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation is vested in and managed by the commissioners of the Caledonian Canal, of whom the See also:

• SPEAKER

speaker of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of See also:

• COMMONS

Commons is ex officio chairman . Usually the income is between £7000 and £8000 annually, and exceeds the See also:

• EXPENDITURE

expenditure by a few See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred pounds; but the commissioners are not entitled to make a profit, and .the See also:

• CREDIT (Lat. credere, to believe)

credit balances, though sometimes allowed to accumulate, must be expended on renewals and improvements of the canal . They have not, however, always proved sufficient for their purposes, and parliament is occasionally called upon to make See also:

• SPECIAL

special grants . In the commissioners is also vested the Crinan Canal, which extends from Ardrishaig on See also:

• LOCH, HENRY BROUGHAM LOCH, 1ST BARON (1827-1900)

Loch Gilp to Crinan on Loch Crinan . This canal was made by a See also:

• COMPANY

company incorporated by act of parliament in 1793, and was opened for traffic in 18or .

At various times it received grants of public See also:

• MONEY

money, and ultimately in respect of these it passed into the hands of the government . In 1848 it was vested by parliament in the commissioners of the Caledonian Canal (who had in fact ad-ministered it for many years previously); the act contained a proviso that the company might take back the undertaking on repayment of the See also:

• DEBT (Lat. debitum, a thing owed)

debt within 20 years, but the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power was not exercised . The length of the canal is 9 m., and it saves vessels sailing from the See also:

• CLYDE (Welsh, Clwyd, " far heard," " strong," the Glotta of Tacitus)
• CLYDE, COLIN CAMPBELL, BARON (1792-1863)

Clyde a distance of about 85 m. as compared with the alternative route round the See also:

• MULL

Mull of Kintyre . Its highest reach is 64 ft. above See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea level, and its locks, 15 in number, are 96 ft. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, by 24 ft. wide, the depth of water being such as to admit vessels up to a See also:

• DRAUGHT (from the common Teutonic word " to draw "; cf. Ger. 7'racht, load; the pronunciation led to the variant form " draft," now confined to certain specific meanings)

draught of 91 ft . The See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue is over £6000 a See also:

• YEAR

year, and there is usually a small credit See also:

• BALANCE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. bilantia, an apparatus for weighing, from bi, two, and lanx, a dish or scale)

balance which, as with the Caledonian Canal, must be applied to the purposes of the undertaking .