CALICUT  , a See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, in the See also:

• MALABAR

Malabar See also:

• DISTRICT

district of See also:

• MADRAS

Madras; on the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast, 6 m . N. of Beypur . In 1901 the See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population was 76,981, showing an increase of 14% in the See also:

• DECADE (from Gr. Oka, ten)

decade . The See also:

• WEAVING

weaving of See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton, for which the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place was at one See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time so famous that its name became identified with its See also:

• CALICO

calico, is no longer of any importance . Calicut is of considerable antiquity; and about the 7th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century it had its population largely increased by the See also:

• IMMIGRATION (from Lat. in, into, and tnigrare, to depart)

immigration of the Moplahs, a fanatical See also:

• RACE

race of Mahommedans from See also:

• ARABIA

Arabia, who entered enthusiastically into commercial See also:

• LIFE

life . The Portuguese traveller Pero de See also:

• COVILHAM (COVILHAO, COVIIIIX), PERO

Covilham (q.v.) visited Calicut in 1487 and described its possibilities for See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade; and in May 1498 Vasco da Gama, the first European navigator to reach India, arrived at Calicut . At that time it was a very flourishing city, and contained several stately buildings, among which was especially mentioned a Brahminical See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple, not inferior to the largest monastery in See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal . Vasco da Gama tried to establish a factory, but he met with persistent hostility from the See also:

• LOCAL

local See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief (zamorin), and a similar See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt made by Cabral two years later ended in the destruction of the factory by the Moplahs . In revenge the Portuguese bombarded the See also:

• TOWN

town, but no further attempt was made for some years to establish a trading See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement there . In 1509 the See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don Fernando Coutinho made an unsuccessful attack on the city; and in the following See also:

• YEAR

year it was. again assailed by See also:

• ALBUQUERQUE
• ALBUQUERQUE, ALPHONSO

Albuquerque with 3000 troops . On this occasion the See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace was plundered and the town burnt; but the Portuguese were finally repulsed, and fled to their See also:

• SHIPS

ships after heavy loss . In the following year they concluded a See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace with the zamorin and were allowed to build a fortified factory on the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north See also:

• BANK

bank of the Kallayi See also:

• RIVER

river, which was however again, and finally, abandoned in 1525 .

In 1615 the town was visited by an See also:

• ENGLISH

English expedition under See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain Keeling, who concluded a treaty with the zamorin; but it was not until 1664 that an English trading settlement was established by the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East India See also:

• COMPANY

Company . The See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French settlement, which still exists, was founded in 1698 . The town was taken in 1765 by Hyder See also:

• ALI

Ali, who expelled all the merchants and factors, and destroyed the See also:

• COCOA

cocoa-See also:

• NUT
• NUT (0. Eng. knutu, cf. Dutch noot, Ger. Nuss; allied with Gael. cno; it is not of the same form as Lat. nux)

nut trees, See also:

• SANDAL (from the Latinized form of Gr. vavb4Atov or vav&aAov: this probably represents the Persian sandal, slipper; it is not to be referred to Gr. stasis, board)

sandal-See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood and See also:

• PEPPER
• PEPPER, WILLIAM (1843–1898)

pepper vines, that the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country reduced to ruin might See also:

• PRESENT

present no temptation to the cupidity of Europeans . In 1782 the troops of Hyder were driven from Calicut by the British; but in 1788 it was taken and destroyed by his son Tippoo, who carried off the inhabitants to Beypur and treated them with See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• CRUELTY (through the O. Fr. crualte, mod. cruaute, from the Lat. crudelitas)

cruelty . In the latter See also:

• PART

part of 1790 the country was occupied by the British; and under the treaty concluded in 1792, whereby Tippoo was deprived of See also:

• HALF

half his dominions, Calicut See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell to the British . After this event the 30 20 60 40 10 inhabitants returned and rebuilt the town, which in 1800 consisted of 5000 houses . As the administrative headquarters of the district, Calicut maintains its See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical importance . It is served by the Madras railway, and is the chief seaport on the Malabar coast, and the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal exports are See also:

• COFFEE (Fr: cafe, Ger. Kaffee)

coffee, See also:

• TIMBER

timber and coco-nut products . There are factories for coffee-cleaning, employing several See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred hands; for See also:

• COIR (from Malay Kayar, cord, Kayaru, to be twisted)

coir-pressing and timber-cutting . The town has a cotton-See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

mill, a saw-mill, and See also:

• TILE (0. Eng. tigel, Fr. tuile, connected with Lat. tegula)

tile, coffee and oil See also:

• WORKS

works . A detachment of European troops is generally stationed here to overawe the fanatical Moplahs .