See also:

• CALUMET (Norm. Fr. form of chalumet, from Lat. calamus, a reed)

CALUMET (Norm. Fr. See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of chalumet, from See also:

• LAT

Lat. calamus, a See also:

• REED
• REED, ANDREW (1787-1862)
• REED, ISAAC (1742—1807)
• REED, JOSEPH (1741—1785)
• REED, THOMAS BRACKETT (1839—1902)

reed)  , the name given by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French in See also:

• CANADA

Canada to the " See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace-See also:

• PIPE

pipe " of the See also:

• AMERICAN

American See also:

• INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians . This pipe occupied among the tribes a position of See also:

• PECULIAR

peculiar symbolic significance, and was the See also:

• OBJECT

object of profound veneration . It was smoked on all ceremonial occasions, even on declarations of See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war, but its See also:

• SPECIAL

special use was at the making of See also:

• TREATIES

treaties of peace . It was usually about 22 ft. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, and in the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west the bowl was made of red pipestone (catlinite), a See also:

• FINE

fine-grained, easily-worked See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone of a See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich red See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour found chiefly in the Coteau See also:

• DES

des Prairies west of Big Stone See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake, Dakota . The quarries were formerly neutral ground among the warring See also:

• INDIAN

Indian tribes, many sacred traditions being associated with the locality and its product (See also:

• LONGFELLOW, HENRY WADSWORTH (1807-1882)

Longfellow, See also:

• HIAWATHA (" he makes rivers ")

Hiawatha, i.) . The pipe See also:

• STEM (O. Eng. staefn, stemn, cf. Du. stain, Ger. Stamm, &c., probably related to " staff ")

stem was of See also:

• REED
• REED, ANDREW (1787-1862)
• REED, ISAAC (1742—1807)
• REED, JOSEPH (1741—1785)
• REED, THOMAS BRACKETT (1839—1902)

reed decorated with eagles' quills or See also:

• WOMEN

women's See also:

• HAIR (a word common to Teutonic languages)

hair . Native See also:

• TOBACCO

tobacco mixed with See also:

• WILLOW (Salix)

willow-bark or sumac leaves was smoked . The pipe was offered as a supreme See also:

• PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof of hospitality to distinguished strangers, and its refusal was regarded as a grievous affront . In the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east and See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-east, the bowl was of See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white stone, sometimes pierced with several stem holes so that many persons might See also:

• SMOKE (from O. Eng. smeocan, to smoke, reek, cf. Dutch meek, Ger. Schmauch, probably allied to Gr. vol9caiv)

smoke at once . See See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph D . Macguire (exhaustive See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report,64o pages), " Pipes andSmoking Customs of the American See also:

• ABORIGINES

Aborigines" in Smitkconi¢nReport (American See also:

• BUREAU (a Fr. word from burel or bureau, a coarse cloth used for coverings)

Bureau of See also:

• ETHNOLOGY

Ethnology) for 1897, vol. i.; and authorities quoted in Handbook of American Indians (See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington,19o7) .