CAMBALUC  , the name by which, under sundry modifications, the royal See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of the See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• KHAN (from the Turki, hence Persian and Arabic Khan)

khan in See also:

• CHINA

China became known to See also:

• EUROPE

Europe during the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages, that city being in fact the same that we now know as See also:

• PEKING, or PEKIN

Peking . The word itself represents the Mongol Khan-Balik, " the city of the khan," or See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor, the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title by which Peking continues, more or less, to be known to the See also:

• MONGOLS

Mongols and other See also:

• NORTHERN

northern Asiatics . A city occupying approximately the same site had been the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of one of the principalities into which China was divided some centuries before the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian era; and during the reigns of the two Tatar dynasties that immediately preceded the Mongols in northern China, viz. that of the Khitans, and of the See also:

• KIN (0. E. cyn, a word represented in nearly all Teutonic languages, cf. Du. kunne, Dan. and Swed. kon, Goth kuni, tribe; the Teutonic base is kunya; the equivalent Aryan root gan- to beget, produce, is seen in Gr. 'yEvos, Lat. genus, cf. "kind")

Kin or " See also:

• GOLDEN

Golden " khans, it had been one of their royal residences . Under the names of Yenking, which it received from the Khitan, and of Chung-tu, which it had from the Kin, it holds a conspicuous See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in the See also:

• WARS

wars of Jenghiz Khan against the latter See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty . He captured it in 1215, but it was not 6111284 that it was adopted as the imperial See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence in lieu of See also:

• KARAKORUM (Turkish, " black stone debris ")

Karakorum in the Mongol See also:

• STEPPES

steppes by his See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson Kublai . The latter selected a position a few See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred yards to the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of the old city of Chung-tu or Yenking, where he founded the new city of Ta-tu (" great capital "), called by the Mongols Taidu or Daitu, but also Khan-Batik; and from this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time See also:

• DATES

dates the use of the latter name as applied to this site . The new city formed a rectangle, enclosed by a See also:

• COLOSSAL

colossal mud rampart, the longer sides of which ran north and See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south . Thesewere each about 51 See also:

• ENGLISH

English m . 'in length, the shorter sides 31 m., so that the See also:

• CIRCUIT (Lat. circuitus, from circum, round, and ire, to go)

circuit was upwards of 18 m . The See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace of the khan, with its gardens and See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

lake, itself formed an inner enclosure fronting the south . There were eleven city See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates, viz. three on the south See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, always the formal front with the See also:

• TATARS (the common form Tartars is less correct)

Tatars, and two on each of the other sides; and the streets ran wide and straight from See also:

• GATE

gate to gate' (except, of course, where interrupted by the palace walls), forming an oblong See also:

• CHESS

chess-See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan . Ta-tu continued to be the residence of the emperors till the fall of the Mongol See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power (1368) .

The native dynasty (Ming) which supplanted them established their residence at Nan-See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king (" South See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

Court "), but this proved so inconvenient that Yunglo, the third See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign of the dynasty, reoccupied Ta-tu, giving it then, for the first time, the name of Pe-king (" North Court ") . This was the name in See also:

• COMMON

common use when the See also:

• JESUITS

Jesuits entered China towards the end of the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, and began to send See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home accurate See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information about China . But it is not so now; the names in See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary use being King-See also:

• CHENG

cheng or King-tu, both signifying " capital . The restoration of Cambaluc was commenced in 1409 . The See also:

• SIZE

size of the city was diminished by the See also:

• RETRENCHMENT (Fr. retrenchemen.t, an old form of retranchement, from retrancher, to cut down, cut short)

retrenchment of nearly one-third at the northern end, which brought the See also:

• ENCEINTE (Lat. in, within, cinctus, girdled; to be distinguished from the word meaning " pregnant," from in, not, and cinctus, i.e. with girdle loosened)

enceinte more nearly to a square See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form . And this constitutes the See also:

• MODERN

modern (so-called) " Tatar city " of Peking, the south front of which is identical with the south front of the city of Kublai . The walls were completed in 1437 . See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

Population gathered about the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern front, probably using the material of the old city of Yenking, and the excrescence so formed was, in 1544, enclosed by a See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall and called the "See also:

• OUTER

outer city." It is the same that is usually called by Europeans " the See also:

• CHINESE, JAPANESE AND

Chinese city." The ruins of the retrenched northern portion of Kublai's great rampart are still prominent along their whole extent, so that there is no See also:

• ROOM

room for question as to the position or true dimensions of the Cambaluc of the middle ages; and it is most probable, indeed it is almost a See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity, that the See also:

• PRESENT

present palace stands on the lines of Kublai's palace . The city, under the name of Cambaluc, was constituted into an archiepiscopal see by See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• CLEMENT (Lat. Clemens, i.e. merciful; Gr. K)4gs)
• CLEMENT, FRANCOIS (1714-1793)
• CLEMENT, JACQUES (1567-1589)

Clement V. in 1307, in favour of the missionary Franciscan See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John of Montecorvino (d . 1330); but though some successors were nominated it seems probable that no second See also:

• METROPOLITAN (Lat. metropolitanus, Gr. µnrpoiroXtrns)

metropolitan ever actually occupied the seat . Maps of the 16th and 17th centuries often show Cambaluc in an imaginary region to the north of China, a See also:

• PART

part of the misconception that has prevailed regarding See also:

• CATHAY

Cathay . The name is often in popular literature written Cambalu, and is by See also:

• LONGFELLOW, HENRY WADSWORTH (1807-1882)

Longfellow accented in See also:

• VERSE (from Lat. versus, literally a line or furrow drawn by turning the plough, from vertere, and afterwards signifying an arrangement of syllables into feet)

verse Combdle .

But this spelling originates in an accidental See also:

• ERROR (Lat. error, from errare, to wander, to err)

error in See also:

• RAMUSIO

Ramusio's See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian version, which was the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief channel through which Marco See also:

• POLO (Tibetan pulu, ball)
• POLO, GASPAR GIL (?153o-1591)
• POLO, MARCO (c. 1254-1324)

Polo's See also:

• BOOK

book was popularly known . The See also:

• ORIGINAL

original (See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French) See also:

• MSS

MSS. all agree with the See also:

• ETYMOLOGY (Gr. grvµos, true, and X6yos, "account)

etymology in calling it Cambaluc, which should be accented Combdluc .