CANTAL  , a See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of central See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, formed from Haute-See also:

• AUVERGNE

Auvergne, the See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern portion of the old See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of Auvergne . It is bounded N. by the department of See also:

• PUY

Puy-de-D8me, E. by Haute-See also:

• LOIRE

Loire, S.E. by See also:

• LOZERE

Lozere, S. by See also:

• AVEYRON

Aveyron and Lozere, and W. by See also:

• CORREZE

Correze and See also:

• LOT
• LOT (Lat. Oltis)

Lot . See also:

• AREA

Area 2231 sq. m . Pop . (1906) 228.690 . Cantal is situated in the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle of the centralplateau of France, It takes its.name from the Monts du Cantal, a volcanic See also:

• GROUP

group occupying its central region, and continued towards the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north and See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east by ranges of See also:

• LOWER

lower See also:

• ALTITUDE (Lat. altitudo, from altus, high)

altitude . The Plomb du Cantal, the culminating See also:

• SUMMIT

summit of the department, attains a height of 6096 ft.; and its neighbours, the Puy See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary and the Puy Chavaroche, attain a height of 5863 and 5722 ft. respectively . Immediately to the east of this central See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass lies the lofty but fertile See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau of Planeze, which merges into the Monts de la Margeride on the eastern border . The valley of the Truyere skirts the Planeze on the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south and divides it from the Monts d'Aubrac, at the See also:

• FOOT

foot of which lies See also:

• CHAUDESAIGUES

Chaudesaigues, noted for its thermal springs, the most important in the department . Northwards the Monts du Cantal are connected with the Monts See also:

• DORE, LOUIS AUGUSTE GUSTAVE (1832-1883)

Dore by the volcanic range of Cezallier and the arid plateaus of Artense . In the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of the department grassy plateaus and beautiful See also:

• RIVER

river valleys slope gently down from the central heights . Most of the streams of the department have their See also:

• SOURCES

sources in this central See also:

• RIDGE (a word. common to many Teutonic languages, meaning " back," whether of a man or an animal, cf. German Rucke)
• RIDGE, WILLIAM PETT (1864- )

ridge and fall by a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short and rapid course into the See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers which See also:

• TRAVERSE

traverse the extensive valleys on either See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side .

The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal rivers are the Alagnon, a tributary of the See also:

• ALLIER
• ALLIER (anc. Slaver)

Allier; the See also:

• CELLE

Celle and Truyere, tributaries of the Lot; and the Cere and See also:

• RUE (Fr. rue, Lat. ruta, from Gr. pur)

Rue, tributaries of the See also:

• DORDOGNE

Dordogne . The See also:

• CLIMATE

climate of the department varies considerably in the different localities . In the alluvial See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain between See also:

• MURAT, JOACHIM (1767—1815)

Murat and St See also:

• FLOUR

Flour, and in the south-west in the See also:

• ARRONDISSEMENT (from arrondir, to make round)

arrondissement of See also:

• AURILLAC

Aurillac, it is generally mild and dry; but in the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern and central portions the winters are See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long and severe and the hurricanes peculiarly violent . The See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold and See also:

• DAMP

damp of the climate in these districts are See also:

• GREAT

great obstacles to the cultivation of See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat, but See also:

• RYE

rye and See also:

• BUCKWHEAT

buckwheat are grown in considerable quantities, and in natural pasture Cantal is extremely See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich . See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

Cattle are accordingly reared with profit, especially around See also:

• SALERS

Salers and in the Monts d'Aubrac, while See also:

• BUTTER (Lat. butyrum, Gr. 0obrvpov, apparently connected with $ous, cow, and rvpbs, cheese, but, according to the New English Dictionary, perhaps of Scythian origin)

butter and Roquefort See also:

• CHEESE (Lat. caseus)

cheese are made in large quantities . Large flocks of See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep pasture in the Monts d'Aubrac and elsewhere in the department; goats are also reared . The. inhabitants are See also:

• SIMPLE

simple and See also:

• PRIMITIVE

primitive and accustomed to live on the scantiest fare . Many of them migrate for See also:

• PART

part of the See also:

• YEAR

year to See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris and the provinces, where they engage in the humblest occupations . The principal articles of See also:

• FOOD
• FOOD (like the verb " to feed," from a Teutonic root, whence O. Eng. foda; cf. " fodder "; connected with Gr. lrareicOae, to feed)

food are rye, buckwheat and chestnuts . The See also:

• INTERNAL

internal resources of the department are considerable; but the difficulty of See also:

• LAND

land-See also:

• CARRIAGE

carriage prevents them being sufficiently See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed . The hills and valleys abound with See also:

• GAME

game and the streams with See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish . Cantal produces a vast variety of aromatic and medicinal See also:

• PLANTS

plants; and its See also:

• MINERAL

mineral products include See also:

• COAL

coal, See also:

• ANTIMONY (symbol Sb, atomic weight 120.2)

antimony and See also:

• LIME
• LIME (O. Eng. lim, Lat. limes, mud, from linere, to smear)

lime .

The department has no prominent manufactures . Live-stock, cheese, butter and coal are the principal exports; coal, See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine, cereals, flour and earthenware are imported . The department is served by the See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways of the See also:

• ORLEANS
• ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
• ORLEANS, DUKES OF
• ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
• ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
• ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
• ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
• ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
• ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
• ORLEANS, PHILIP I
• ORLEANS, PHILIP II

Orleans and Southern companies, the construction of which at some points demanded considerable See also:

• ENGINEERING

engineering skill, notably in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of the viaduct of Garabit spanning the See also:

• GORGE

gorge of the Truyere . Cantal is divided into four arrondissements—Aurillac, See also:

• MAURIAC

Mauriac, Murat and St Flour—23 cantons and 267 communes . It belongs to the region of the XIII. See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps and to the academie (educational See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division) of Clermont-See also:

• FERRAND, ANTOINE FRANCOIS CLAUDE, COMTE

Ferrand . Its bishopric is at St Flour and depends on the archbishopric of See also:

• BOURGES

Bourges . Its See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• APPEAL

appeal is at See also:

• RIOM

Riom . The See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital is Aurillac (q.v.), and St Flour (q.v.) is the other principal See also:

• TOWN

town .