See also:

• CANTONMENT (Fr. cantonnement, from cantonner, to quarter; Ger. Ortsunterkunft or Quartier)

CANTONMENT (Fr. cantonnement, from cantonner, to See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter; Ger. Ortsunterkunft or Quartier)  . When troops are distributed in small parties amongst the houses of a See also:

• TOWN

town or See also:

• VILLAGE

village, they are said to be in cantonments, which are also called quarters or billets . Formerly this method of providing soldiers with shelter was rarely employed on active service, though the normal method in " See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter quarters," or at seasons when active military operations were not in progress . In the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field, armies lived as a See also:

• RULE

rule in See also:

• CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp (q.v.), and when the See also:

• PROVISION (Lat. provisio)

provision of See also:

• CANVAS

canvas shelter was impossible in See also:

• BIVOUAC (a French word generally said to have been introduced during the Thirty Years' War, perhaps derived from Beiwacht, extra guard)

bivouac . At the See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, however, it is unusual, in See also:

• EUROPE

Europe at any See also:

• RATE

rate, for troops on active service to hamper themselves with the enormous trains of See also:

• TENT

tent wagons that would be required, and cantonments or bivouacs, or a See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination of the two have therefore taken the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, in See also:

• MODERN

modern warfare, of the old See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long rectilinear lines of tents that marked the resting-place and generally, too, the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of See also:

• BATTLE

battle of an 18th-See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army . Tlie greater See also:

• PART

part of an army operating in Europe at the present See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day is accommodated in widespread cantonments, an army See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps occupying the villages and farms found within an See also:

• AREA

area of 4 M. by 5 or 6 . This See also:

• ALLOWANCE (from "allow,' derived through 0. Fr. alouer from the two Lat. origins adlaudare, to praise, and allocare, to assign a place; so that the English word combined the general idea of "assigning with approval")

allowance of space has been ascertained by experience to be sufficient, not only for comfort, but also for subsistence for one day, provided that the See also:

• DENSITY (Lat. densus, thick)

density of the See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population is not less than 200 persons to the square mile . Under modern conditions there is little danger from such a dissemination of the forces, as each fraction of each army corps is within less than two See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours' See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

march of its concentration See also:

• POST

post . If the troops See also:

• HALT

halt for several days, of course they require either a more densely populated See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country from which to requisition supplies, or a wider area of cantonments . The difficulty of controlling the troops, when scattered in private houses in parties of six or seven, is the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal objection to this See also:

• SYSTEM

system of cantonments . But since See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon introduced the " See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war of masses " the only alternative to cantoning the troops is bivouacking, which if prolonged for several nights is more injurious to the well-being of the troops than the slight relaxation of discipline necessitated by the See also:

• CANTONMENT (Fr. cantonnement, from cantonner, to quarter; Ger. Ortsunterkunft or Quartier)

cantonment system, when the latter is well arranged and policed . The troops nearest the enemy, however, which have to be maintained in a See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant readiness for battle, cannot as a rule afford the time either for dispersing into quarters or for rallying on an alarm, and in western Europe at any rate they are required to bivouac .

In See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, the See also:

• TERM

term " cantonment " means more generally a military station or See also:

• STANDING

standing camp . The troops live, not in private houses, but in See also:

• BARRACKS (derived through the French from the Late Lat. barra, a bar)
• BARRACKS, CAMP

barracks, huts, forts or occasionally camps . The large cantonments are situated in the neighbourhood of the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North-Western frontier, of the large cities and of the capitals of important native states . Under See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• KITCHENER, HORATIO HERBERT KITCHENER, VISCOUNT (1850- )

Kitchener's redistribution of the See also:

• INDIAN

Indian army in 1903, the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief cantonments are See also:

• RAWALPINDI

Rawalpindi, See also:

• QUETTA

Quetta, See also:

• PESHAWAR

Peshawar, See also:

• KOHAT

Kohat, See also:

• BANNU

Bannu, See also:

• NOWSHERA, or NAUSHAHRA

Nowshera, See also:

• SIALKOT, or SEALKOTE

Sialkot, Mian Mir, See also:

• UMBALLA

Umballa, See also:

• MUTTRA, or MATHURA

Muttra, Ferozepore, See also:

• MEERUT

Meerut, See also:

• LUCKNOW

Lucknow, See also:

• MHOW

Mhow, See also:

• JUBBULPORE, or JABALPUR

Jubbulpore, Bolarum, See also:

• POONA, or PUNA

Poona, See also:

• SECUNDERABAD

Secunderabad and See also:

• BANGALORE

Bangalore .