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CANVAS , a stout See also: cloth which probably derives its name from cannabis, the Latin word for See also: hemp
.
This would appear to indicate that canvas was originally made from yarns of the hemp fibre, and there is some ground for the See also: assumption
.
This fibre and that of See also: flax have certainly been used for ages for the production of cloth for furnishing sails, and for certain classes of cloth used for this purpose the terms " See also: sailcloth " and " canvas " are synonymous
.
See also: Warden, in his See also: Linen See also: Trade, states that the manufacture of sailcloth was established in See also: England in 1590, as appears by the preamble of See also: James I., cap
.
23:—" Whereas the cloths called Mildernix and Powel
See also: Davies, whereof sails and other furniture for the See also: navy and See also: shipping are made, were heretofore altogether brought out of See also: France and other parts beyond See also: sea, and the skill and See also: art of making and See also: weaving of the said sailcloths never known or used in England until about the See also: thirty-second See also: year of the See also: late See also: Queen See also: Elizabeth, about what
See also: time and not before the perfect art or skill of making or weaving of the said cloths was attained to, and since practised and continued in this See also: realm, to the See also: great benefit and commodity thereof." But this, or a similar cloth of the same name had been used for centuries before this time by the Egyptians and Phoenicians
.
Since the introduction of the power See also: loom the cloth has undergone several modifications, and it is now made both from flax, hemp, See also: tow, jute and See also: cotton, or a mixture of these, but the quality of sailcloth for the See also: British See also: government is kept up to the See also: original See also: standard
.
All flax canvas is essentially of See also: double warp, for it is invariably intended to withstand some pressure or rough usage
.
In structure it is similar to jute See also: tarpaulin; indeed, if it were not for the difference in the fibre, it would be difficult to say where one type stopped and the other began
.
" See also: Bagging," " tarpaulin " and " canvas " See also: form an ascending series of cloths so far as fineness is concerned, although the finest tarpaulins are finer than some of the See also: lower canvases
.
The cloth may be natural colour, bleached or dyed, a very See also: common colour being tan
.
It has an enormous number of different uses other than See also: naval
.
Amongst other articles made from it are: receptacles for photographic and other apparatus; bags for fishing, See also: shooting, golf and other sporting implements; shoes for See also: cricket and other See also: games, and for See also: yachting; travelling cases and hold-alls, letter-bags, school-bags and nose-bags for horses
.
Large quantities of the various makes of flax and cotton canvases are tarred, and then used for covering goods on See also: railways, wharves, docks, etc
.
See also: Sail canvas is, naturally, of a strong build, and is quite different-CANYON 223
from the canvas cloth used for embroidery purposes, often called " art canvas." The latter is similar in structure to See also: cheese cloths and strainers, the chief difference being that the yarns for art canvas are, in general, of a See also: superior nature
.
All kinds of See also: vegetable See also: fibres are used in their production, chief among which are cotton, flax and jute
.
The yarns are almost invariably two or more ply, an arrangement which tends to obtain a See also: uniform thickness—a very desirable See also: element in these open-built fabrics
.
The plain weave A in the figure is extensively used for these fabrics, but in many cases See also: special weaves are used which leave the open spaces well defined
.
Thus weave B is often employed, while the " imitation See also: gauze " weaves, C and D, are also largely utilized in the production of these embroidery cloths
.
Weave B is known as the hopsack, and probably owes its name to being originally used for the making of bags for hops
.
The cloth for this purpose is now called " See also: hop pocketing," and is of a structure between bagging and tarpaulin
.
Another class of canvas, single warp termed" artists' canvas," is used, as its name implies, for paintings in oils
.
It is also much lighter than sail canvas, but must, of See also: necessity, be made of level yarns
.
The best qualities are made of cream or bleached flax See also: line, although it is not unusual to find an admixture of tow, and even of cotton in the commoner kinds
.
When the cloth comes from the loom, it undergoes a special treatment to prepare the See also: surface for the paint
.
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