See also:

• MARQUIS

MARQUIS GINO See also:

• MARQUIS GINO CAPPONI (1792-1876)
• CAPPONI, PIERO (1447-1496)

CAPPONI (1792-1876)  , See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian statesman and historian, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 13th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1792 . The See also:

• CAPPONI, GINO, MARQUIS (1792-1876)
• CAPPONI, PIERO (1447-1496)

Capponi See also:

• FAMILY

family is one of the most illustrious Florentine houses, and is mentioned as See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as 1250; it acquired See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• WEALTH

wealth as a See also:

• MERCANTILE (or COMMERCIAL) AGENCIES

mercantile and banking See also:

• FIRM

firm, and many of its members distinguished themselves in the service of the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic and the Medicis (see CAPPON', See also:

• PIERO (1443—1496)

PIERO), and later in that of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of See also:

• LORRAINE

Lorraine . Gino was the son of the See also:

• MARQUIS

Marquis See also:

• PIER (older forms per or Pere, from Med. Lat. pera; the word for piers out of water. For river piers, where a firm, watertight is of obscure origin, and the connexion with Fr. Pierre, Lat. stratum is found at a moderate depth below the river-bed, the pctr

Pier Roberto Capponi, a nobleman greatly attached to the reigning See also:

• GRAND

grand See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• TUSCANY
• TUSCANY (Toscana)

Tuscany, See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand III . When that See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince was deposed by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French in 1799 the Capponi family followed him into See also:

• EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

exile at See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna, where they remained until he exchanged his rights to the grand duchy for a See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German principality (1803) . The Capponi then returned to See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence, and in 1811 Gino married the marchesina Giulia Riccardi . Although the family were very See also:

• ANTI, or CAMPA

anti-French Gino was chosen with other notables to pay See also:

• HOMAGE (from homo, through the Low Lat. hominaticum, which occurs in a document of 1035)

homage to See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris in 1813 . On the fall of Napoleon Ferdinand returned to Tuscany (September 1814), but the restoration proved less reactionary there than in any other See also:

• PART

part of See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy . See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

Young Capponi was well received at See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court, but not being satisfied with the See also:

• LIFE

life of a See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of See also:

• FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion, he devoted himself to serious study and See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign travel . After sundry journeys in Italy he again visited Paris in 1818, and then went to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England . He became deeply interested in See also:

• ENGLISH

English institutions, and care-fully studied the constitution, the electoral See also:

• SYSTEM

system, university life, See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

industrial organization, &c . At See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh he met See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis See also:

• JEFFREY, FRANCIS JEFFREY

Jeffrey, the editor of the Edinburgh See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review, and conceived a See also:

• DESIRE

desire to found a similar review in Italy . Besides knowing Jeffrey he made the acquaintance of many prominent statesmen and men of letters, including See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John.See also:

• RUSSELL (FAMILY)
• RUSSELL, ISRAEL COOK (1852- )
• RUSSELL, JOHN (1745-1806)
• RUSSELL, JOHN (d. 1494)
• RUSSELL, JOHN RUSSELL, 1ST EARL (1792-1878)
• RUSSELL, JOHN SCOTT (1808–1882)
• RUSSELL, LORD WILLIAM (1639–1683)
• RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM HOWARD
• RUSSELL, THOMAS (1762-1788)
• RUSSELL, WILLIAM CLARK (1844– )

Russell, the duke of See also:

• BEDFORD

Bedford, Dugald See also:

• STEWART, ALEXANDER TURNEY (1803-1876)
• STEWART, BALFOUR (1828-1887)
• STEWART, CHARLES (1778–1869)
• STEWART, DUGALD (1753-1828)
• STEWART, J
• STEWART, JOHN (1749—1822)
• STEWART, JULIUS L
• STEWART, SIR DONALD MARTIN (1824–19o0)
• STEWART, SIR HERBERT (1843—1885)
• STEWART, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1540—c. 1605)
• STEWART, STUART
• STEWART, WILLIAM (c. 1480-c. 1550)

Stewart; Ugo See also:

• FOSCOLO, UGO (1778-1827)

Foscolo, &c .

This visit had a great effect in forming his See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, and while it made him an ardent Anglophil, he realized more and more the distressing conditions of his own See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country . He returned to Italy in 1820, and on reaching Florence he set to See also:

• WORK

work to found a review on the lines of the Edinburgh, which should attract the best See also:

• LITERARY

literary See also:

• TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental

talent . This he achieved with the help of the Swiss G . P . Vieusseux, and the result was the Antologia . He contributed largely to its columns, as well as to those of the Archivio Storico, another of Vieusseux's ventures . Capponi began to take a more active See also:

• INTEREST

interest in politics, and entered into communication with the Liberals of all parts of Italy . He had discussed the possibility of liberating Italy with Prince See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert of See also:

• SAVOY, HOUSE
• SAVOY, HOUSE OF

Savoy-See also:

• CARIGNANO

Carignano, to whom he had introduced the Milanese revolutionist See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count See also:

• CONFALONIERI, FEDERICO, COUNT (1785-1846)

Confalonieri (q.v.) . But the collapse of the rising of 1821 and the imprisonment of Confalonieri made Capponi despair of achieving anything by revolution, and he devoted himself to the economic development of Tuscany and to study . At his beautiful See also:

• VILLA

villa of Varramista he collected materials for a See also:

• HISTORY

history of the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church; his work was interruptedby family troubles and by increasing See also:

• BLINDNESS

blindness, but although by 1844 he had completely lost his sight he continued to work by means of amanuenses . In 1847 he again plunged into politics and discussed plans for an Italian See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance against See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria . When the grand duke See also:

• LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

Leopold II. decided in 1848 to See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant his See also:

• PEOPLE

people a constitution, Capponi was made a member of the See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission to draw it up, and he eventually became See also:

• PRIME, PRIMER AND PRIMING

prime See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister .

During his See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure of See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office he conducted foreign affairs with great skill, and made every effort to See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save the Italian situation after the defeat of Charles Albert on the Mincio . In See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1848 he resigned; soon afterwards the grand duke fled, anarchy followed, and then in 1849 he returned, but with an escort of See also:

• AUSTRIAN

Austrian soldiery . The See also:

• BLIND, MATHILDE (1841—1896)

blind statesman thanked See also:

• GOD

God that he could not see the hated See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white See also:

• UNIFORMS

uniforms in Florence . He returned to his studies and commenced his great Storia della Repubblica di Firenze; but he followed See also:

• POLITICAL

political affairs with great interest, and helped to convince Lord John Russell, who stayed with him in 1859, of the hopelessness of the grand duke's position . On Leopold's second See also:

• FLIGHT

flight (27th of See also:

• APRIL

April 1859) a Tuscan See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly was summoned, and Capponi elected member of it . He voted for the grand duke's deposition and for the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

union of Tuscany with See also:

• PIEDMONT (Ital. Piemonte; Low Lat. Pedemons and Pedemontium)

Piedmont . See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

Victor See also:

• EMMANUEL, or IMMANUEL

Emmanuel made him senator in ,86o . His last years were devoted almost exclusively to his Florentine history, which was published in 1875 and achieved an immediate success . This was Capponi's See also:

• SWAN (A. S. swan and swan, Icel. svanr, Du. zwaart, Ger. Schwan)
• SWAN, J
• SWAN, JOHN MACALLAN (1847-1910)
• SWAN, SIR JOSEPH WILSON (1828– )

swan See also:

• SONG

song, for on the 3rd of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1876 he died at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of eighty-four . Capponi was one of the best specimens of the Tuscan landlord class . " He represents," wrote his biographer Tabarrini, " one of the most striking personalities of a See also:

• GENERATION (from Lat. generare, to beget, procreate; genus, stock, race)

generation, now wholly passed away, which did not resign itself to the beatitudes of 1815, but wished to raise Italy from the humble See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state to which the See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace of that See also:

• YEAR

year had condemned her; and he succeeded by first raising the character of the Italians in the See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion of foreigners, so as to deserve their esteem and respect." He knew nearly all the most interesting people in Italy, besides many distinguished foreigners: Giuseppe See also:

• GIUSTI, GIUSEPPE (1809–1850)

Giusti, the poet, A . See also:

• MANZONI, ALESSANDRO FRANCESCO TOMMASO ANTONIO (1785-1873)

Manzoni, the novelist, Niccole Tommaseo, See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard See also:

• COBDEN, RICHARD (1804-1865)

Cobden, A. von See also:

• REUMONT, ALFRED VON (1808-1887)

Reumont, the historian, were among those whom he entertained at his See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace or his villas, and many were the struggling students and revolutionists to whom he gave assistance .

As a historian his reputation rests on his Storia della Repubblica di Firenze (Florence, 1875); it was the first comprehensive Italian See also:

• BOOK

book on the subject based on documents and written in a See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical spirit, and if the chapters on the early history of the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city are now obsolete in view of See also:

• RECENT

recent discoveries, yet, as a whole, it remains a See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard work . Besides his history a large number of essays and See also:

• PAMPHLETS

pamphlets have been published in his Scritti Inediti . See M . Tabarrini, Gino Capponi (Florence, 1879) ; and A. von Reumont, Gino Capponi (See also:

• GOTHA

Gotha, 188o) . (L .