See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

PRINCE See also:

• FRANCESCO
• FRANCESCO, 210

FRANCESCO See also:

• PRINCE FRANCESCO CARACCIOLO (1732-1799)

CARACCIOLO (1732-1799)  , Neapolitan See also:

• ADMIRAL

admiral and revolutionist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 18th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1732, of a See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble Neapolitan See also:

• FAMILY

family . He entered the See also:

• NAVY

navy and learned his See also:

• SEAMANSHIP

seamanship under See also:

• RODNEY, GEORGE BRYDGES RODNEY, BARON (1718—1792)

Rodney . He fought with distinction in the See also:

• BRITISH

British service in the See also:

• AMERICAN

American See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War of See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

Independence, against the See also:

• BARBARY

Barbary pirates, and against the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French at See also:

• TOULON

Toulon under See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord See also:

• HOTHAM, SIR JOHN (d. 1645)
• HOTHAM, WILLIAM HOTHAM, 1ST BARON (1736-1813)

Hotham . The Bourbons placed the greatest, confidence in his skill . When on the approach of the French to See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand IV. and See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary See also:

• CAROLINE
• CAROLINE (1683-1737)

Caroline fled to See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily on See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board See also:

• NELSON
• NELSON, HORATIO NELSON, VISCOUNT (1758-1805)
• NELSON, ROBERT (s656-1715)

Nelson's See also:

• SHIP

ship the " Vanguard " (See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1798), See also:

• CARACCIOLO, FRANCESCO, PRINCE (1732-1799)

Caracciolo escorted them on the See also:

• FRIGATE

frigate " Sannita." He was the only prominent Neapolitan trusted by the king, but even the admiral's See also:

• LOYALTY

loyalty was shaken by Ferdinand's cowardly See also:

• FLIGHT

flight . On reaching See also:

• PALERMO (Greek, Havopuos; Latin, Panhormus, Panormus)

Palermo Caracciolo asked permission to return to Naples to look after his own private affairs (January 1799) . This was granted, but when he arrived at Naples he found all the See also:

• ARISTOCRACY (Gr. apuvror, best; «paria, government)

aristocracy and educated See also:

• MIDDLE

middle classes infatuated with the French revolutionary ideas, and he himself was received with See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• ENTHUSIASM

enthusiasm . He seems at first to have intended to live a retired See also:

• LIFE

life; but, finding that he must either join the Republican party or See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape to See also:

• PROCIDA (Gr. Ilpoxi ro, Lat. Prochyta)

Procida, then in the hands of the See also:

• ENGLISH

English, in which See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case even his intimates would regard him as a traitor and his See also:

• PROPERTY

property would have been confiscated, he was induced to adhere to the new See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of things and took command of the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

republic's See also:

• NAVAL

naval forces . Once at See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea, he fought actively against the British and Neapolitan squadrons and prevented the landing of some Royalist bands . A few days later all the French troops in Naples, except 500 men, were recalled to the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy . Caracciolo then attacked Admiral Thurn, who from the " See also:

• MINERVA

Minerva " commanded the Royalist See also:

• FLEET

fleet, and did some damage to that See also:

• VESSEL (O. Fr. vaissel, from a rare Lat. vascellum, dim. of vas, vase, urn)

vessel . But the British fleet on the one See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand and See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

Cardinal Fabrizio See also:

• RUFFO, FABRIZIO (1744-1827)

Ruffo's See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army on the other made resistance impossible .

The Republicans and the 500 French had retired to the castles, and Caracciolo landed and tried to escape in disguise . But he was betrayed and arrested by a Royalist officer, who on the 29th of See also:

• JUNE

June brought him in chains on board Nelson's See also:

• FLAGSHIP

flagship the " Foudroyant." It is doubtful whether Caracciolo should have been included in the See also:

• CAPITULATION (Lat. capitulum, a little head or division; capitulare, to treat upon terms)

capitulation concluded with the Republicans in the castles, as that document promised life and See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty to those who surrendered before the See also:

• BLOCKADE
• BLOCKADE (Fr. blocus, Ger. Blokade)

blockade of the forts, whereas he was arrested afterwards, but as the whole capitulation was violated the point is immaterial . Moreover, the admiral's See also:

• FATE

fate was decided even before his See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture, because on the 27th of June the British See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister, See also:

• SIR

Sir W . See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton, had communicated to Nelson Queen Mary Caroline's wish that Caracciolo should he hanged . As soon as he was brought on board, Nelson ordered Thurn to summon a See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court See also:

• MARTIAL (MARCUS VALERIUS MARTIALIS)

martial composed of Caracciolo's former See also:

• OFFICERS

officers, Thurn himself being a See also:

• PERSONAL

personal enemy of the accused . The court was held on board the " Foudroyant," which was British territory—a most indefensible proceeding . Caracciolo was charged with high See also:

• TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason; he had asked to be judged by British officers, which was refused, nor was he allowed to summon witnesses in his See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence . He was condemned to See also:

• DEATH

death by three votes to two, and as soon as the See also:

• SENTENCE (Lat. sententia, a way of thinking, opinion, judgment; vote, sentire, to feel, think)

sentence was communicated to Nelson the latter ordered that he should be hanged at the yard-See also:

• ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm of the " Minerva " the next See also:

• MORNING

morning, and his See also:

• BODY

body thrown into the sea at sundown: Even the customary twenty-four See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours' See also:

• RESPITE (O. Fr. respit, modern repit, Lat. respectus, regard, consideration, respicere, to look back at)

respite for See also:

• CONFESSION (Lat. confessio, from confiteor, acknowledge, confess)

confession was denied him, and his See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request to be shot instead of hanged refused . The sentence was duly carried out on the 3oth of June 1799 . Caracciolo was technically a traitor to the king whose See also:

• UNIFORM

uniform he had worn, but apart from the See also:

• WAVE

wave of revolutionary enthusiasm which had spread all over the educated classes of Italy, and the fact that treason to a See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government like that of the Neapolitan Bourbons could hardly be regarded as a See also:

• CRIME (Lat. crimen, accusation)

crime, there was no See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity for Nelson to make himself the executor of the revenge of Ferdinand and Mary Caroline . His greatest offence, as See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain See also:

• MAHAN, ALFRED THAYER (1840- )

Mahan remarks (Life of Nelson, i . 440), was committed against his own See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country by sacrificing his inalienable See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character as the representative of the king of Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain to his secondary and artificial character as delegate of the king of Naples .

The only explanation of Nelson's conduct is to be found in his infatuation for See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady Hamilton, whose See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

low ambition made her use her See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence over him in the See also:

• INTEREST

interest of Queen Mary Caroline's See also:

• MALIGNANT (Lat. malignus, evil-disposed, from maligenus)

malignant spite .